The gas sensor is essential to monitoring dangerous gases in our environment. Metal oxide (MO) gas sensors are primarily utilized for flammable, toxic and organic gases and O₃ because of their high sensitivity, high response and high stability. Tungsten oxides (WO₃) have versatile applications, particularly for gas sensor applications because of the wide bandgap and stability of WO₃. Nanosize WO₃ are synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Asprepared WO₃ nanopowders are in the form of nanorods and nanorulers. The crystal structure is hexagonal tungsten bronze (MxWO₃, x =< 0.33), characterized as a tunnel structure that accommodates alkali ions and the phase stabilizer. A gas detection test reveals that WO₃ can detect acetone, butanol, ethanol, and gasoline. This is the first study to report this capability of WO₃.

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• Preparation of Potassium Tungsten Bronze (KxWO3) for Near-Infrared Shielding application via High-Energy Ball Milling: Effect of Milling Time
  Phonlawee Pinthong, Thanaphon Kansaard, Maneerat Songpanit, C.K. Jayasankar, Wanichaya Mekprasart, Kanokthip Boonyarattanakalin, Wisanu Pecharapa
  Physica B: Condensed Matter.2026; : 418622.     CrossRef