Journal of Powder Materials

Most-download articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last three month.

Research Articles

[English]
Self-Assembled Monolayers in Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition and Their Challenges: Si Eun Jung, Ji Woong Shin, Ye Jin Han, Byung Joon Choi; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):179-190. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00094

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Area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is a bottom-up process that selectively deposits thin films onto specific areas of a wafer surface. The surface reactions of AS-ALD are controlled by blocking the adsorption of precursors using inhibitors such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) or small molecule inhibitors. To increase selectivity during the AS-ALD process, the design of both the inhibitor and the precursor is crucial. Both inhibitors and precursors vary in reactivity and size, and surface reactions are blocked through interactions between precursor molecules and surface functional groups. However, challenges in the conventional SAM-based AS-ALD method include thermal instability and potential damage to substrates during the removal of residual SAMs after the process. To address these issues, recent studies have proposed alternative inhibitors and process design strategies.

Citations

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Temperature-Dependent Surface Structural Change in Self-Assembled Monolayers Studied with Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation and QM/MD Simulation
Hojeong Yoon, Saima Sadiq, Junhyeok Park, Kyungwon Kwak, Minhaeng Cho
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters.2026; 17(4): 1119. CrossRef
Vertically Aligned Micro‐ and Nanoneedles for Advanced Biomedical Applications: From Fabrication Strategies to Clinical Translation
Yerim Jang, Sowon Lee, Younghak Cho, Hyejeong Seong
Small Structures.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphology dependent optical properties of inorganic–organic hybrid ZnO thin films
Saleem G. Rao, Muhammad B. Haider, Omar A. Saleh
The European Physical Journal Applied Physics.2026; 101: 5. CrossRef
Backbone‐Length‐Optimized Inhibitors Deliver Long‐Retention Selectivity in Area‐Selective ALD of VO2
Hae Lin Yang, Eun Chong Cho, Minchan Kim, Hye In Park, Ga‐young Lee, Seunghwan Lee, Beomseok Kim, Changhwa Jung, Youngkwon Kim, Jin‐Seong Park
Advanced Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Inducing chemical selectivity in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of oxide films via gas-phase silylation using N-(trimethylsilyl)dimethylamine (TMSDMA)
Mohammed Sadman Alam, Francisco Zaera
Applied Surface Science.2026; 746: 167569. CrossRef
Fabrication of Multilayer Core-Shell Structure for High Power Factor in Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Thermoelectrics
Su Min Eun, Jin Kyeong Shin, Se Been Jeong, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh, Byung Joon Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(4): 299. CrossRef

[English]
The Effect of Aluminum Powder Size on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Foam: Seunghyeok Choi, Sungjin Kim, Tae-Young Ahn, Yu-Song Choi, Jae-Gil Jung, Seung Bae Son, Seok-Jae Lee; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):232-243. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00157

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

In this study, we analyzed the structural and mechanical properties of aluminum foams fabricated using aluminum powders of varying sizes and mixtures. The effects of sintering and pore structure at each size on the integrity and mechanical properties of the foams were investigated. Structural characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy and micro–computed tomography, while mechanical properties were evaluated through compression testing. The experimental results demonstrated that smaller powder sizes improved foam integrity, reduced porosity and pore size, and resulted in thinner cell walls. In combination, these effects increased compressive strength as the powder size decreased. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding and improvement of the mechanical properties of aluminum foams and highlight their potential for use in a wide range of applications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sustainable Manufacturing of Graphene–Aluminum Composites: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment
Xinwei Yang, Qian Peng, Changke Chen, Qingcui Liu, Yudai Huang
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy.2026; 12(1): 727. CrossRef
Effect of powder size and sintering time on the induction sintering behavior of aluminum fabricated by UHFIS
Hıdır Sercan Çubuk
Turkish Journal of Engineering.2026; 10(2): 396. CrossRef
A Powder-Metallurgical Route to Ag2(Te,S) Compounds and Their Thermoelectric Properties
Seungki Jo, Yoojeong Ji, Linh Ba Vu, Kyung Tae Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 214. CrossRef
Comparative Densification, Microstructure, and Mechanical Response of Five-Layer Al-Al2O3 Functionally Graded Materials Processed by Vacuum Sintering and Spark Plasma Sintering
Satyasaibaba Pitta, Ranga Janardhana Ginka, Balakrishna Bhanavathu
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Aluminum Manufactured via Multiple Pore Former
Mahabub Alam Rudro, Md. Mostafa Kamal, Md. Shahriar Nazim, Md. Abdul Kader, Md. Sajjad Hasan
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimization of fine-grained powder addition for strengthening and wear resistance in heterostructured 2219 Al alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy
Yiping Lv, Haohao Zou, Hongfei Yuan, Yuning Zhang, Huadong Ye, Weiwei Zhu, Shengjian Zhou, Xu Ran
Powder Metallurgy.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Critical Reviews

[English]
A Review of Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Challenges and Progress: Seul Ki Choi, Jaehun Han, Gi Jeong Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Jaewon Choi, MinHo Yang; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(4):293-301. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00206

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9 Citations

Abstract PDF

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are receiving attention as a prospective next-generation secondary battery technology that can reduce the risk of commercial lithium-ion batteries by replacing flammable organic liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes. The practical application of ASSLBs requires developing robust solid electrolytes that possess ionic conductivity at room temperature on a par with that of organic liquids. These solid electrolytes must also be thermally and chemically stable, as well as compatible with electrode materials. Inorganic solid electrolytes, including oxide and sulfide-based compounds, are being studied as promising future candidates for ASSLBs due to their higher ionic conductivity and thermal stability than polymer electrolytes. Here, we present the challenges currently facing the development of oxide and sulfide-based solid electrolytes, as well as the research efforts underway aiming to resolve these challenges.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Data-driven prediction of ionic conductivity in solid-state electrolytes with machine learning and large language models
Haewon Kim, Taekgi Lee, Seongeun Hong, Kyeong-Ho Kim, Yongchul G. Chung
The Journal of Chemical Physics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes Membrane Technologies for Innovative Lithium Separation
Dongju Seo, Shik Rou Kong, Yeelin Jung, Jiwoo Lee, Ah-Hyung Alissa Park, Aaron J. Moment, Youngjune Park
ACS ES&T Engineering.2026; 6(5): 1444. CrossRef
Mechanistic Insights into Li+ Transport Enabled by Isolated Sulfur Species in Li3PS4 Glasses
Jakub Pawelko, Xavier Rocquefelte, Auguste Tetenoire, David Le Coq, Laurent Calvez, Eric Furet
ACS Materials Letters.2026; 8(9): 2538. CrossRef
Influence of Ta5+ on structure and performance of Li0.32Fe0.01La0.56Ti0.94Sb0.06O3 solid electrolyte
Zizheng Zhang, Binxuan Jiang, Yueming Li, Kai Li, Zhenhua Chen, Emmanuel Kwame Yadzo
Journal of Power Sources.2026; 682: 240383. CrossRef
W/Se/Sn ternary Co-doping in Na2.8+zW0.2SnzSb0.8-zS3.2Se0.8 sulfide electrolytes: Toward simultaneously enhanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability for clean-energy-driven sustainable sodium-ion batteries
Mingchao Huo, Tao Huan, Yifan Gu, Yufeng Wu, Qing Jiao
Solid State Ionics.2026; 442: 117234. CrossRef
Metal Battery Anode: Rich in Electrons, Rich in Problems: A Critical Review from Industrial Perspectives
Jian Pan, Chan Shu, Oscar Tutusaus, Rana Mohtadi
Advanced Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A facile synthesis of bulk LiPON in solution for solid-state electrolytes
Osma J. Gomez, Adam Antar, Alex T. Hall, Leopoldo Tapia-Aracayo, Joshua Seo, Nam Kim, Zihan Sun, Ryan Lim, Fu Chen, Yue Li, John Cumings, Gary Rubloff, Sang Bok Lee, David Stewart, Yang Wang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A.2025; 13(34): 28368. CrossRef
Uniform lithium deposition using Cu teepee structures for anode-free lithium metal batteries
Seo Yun Jung, Jaehun Han, Seul Ki Choi, Se Youn Cho, Jong Ho Won, Jaewon Choi, Minho Yang
Chemical Engineering Journal.2025; 522: 167302. CrossRef
Garnet-type LLZO electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: Interfaces, conductivity, in-situ processing, and industrial prospects
Kaleab Habtamu Ayalew, Nithyadharseni Palaniyandy, Mkhulu K. Mathe, Phumlani F. Msomi
Chemical Engineering Journal.2025; 524: 168098. CrossRef

[English]
Epsilon Iron Oxide (ε-Fe₂O₃) as an Electromagnetic Functional Material: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications: Ji Hyeong Jeong, Hwan Hee Kim, Jung-Goo Lee, Youn-Kyoung Baek; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):465-479. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00290

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5 Citations

Abstract PDF

Iron oxide (ε-Fe₂O₃) is emerging as a promising electromagnetic material due to its unique magnetic and electronic properties. This review focuses on the intrinsic properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, particularly its high coercivity, comparable to that of rare-earth magnets, which is attributed to its significant magnetic anisotropy. These properties render it highly suitable for applications in millimeter wave absorption and high-density magnetic storage media. Furthermore, its semiconducting behavior offers potential applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The review also explores various synthesis methods for fabricating ε-Fe₂O₃ as nanoparticles or thin films, emphasizing the optimization of purity and stability. By exploring and harnessing the properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of next-generation electromagnetic materials with potential applications in 6G wireless telecommunications, spintronics, high-density data storage, and energy technologies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Comprehensive Review of GPR Data Analysis for Bridge Deck Evaluation: From Conventional Methods to Emerging Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Babak Enami Alamdari, Yu Tang, Danilo Erricolo, Lesley H. Sneed
Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Chemical Pressure Induced Strain Control of Magnetic Anisotropy in the Simple Perovskite ϵ-Fe2O3
Subir Roy, Gurleen K. Uppal, Alberto Acosta, Rachel Nickel, Charles A. Roberts, Johan van Lierop
Nano Letters.2026; 26(1): 34. CrossRef
Solvothermal synthesis, microstructure and magnetic properties of α-Fe2O3/ε-Fe2O3 hybrid superparticles
Xuemin He, Dingbang Ruan, Zeyang Xu, Yuru Ding, Jingbing Hu, Yongtao Li, Liya Lü, Youwei Du, Wei Zhong
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics.2026; 28(34): 20826. CrossRef
Upcycling iron-rich granite waste into ε-Fe2O3 hard magnets via glaze crystallization in air: A Fe3O4–γ-Fe2O3–ε-Fe2O3 transformation pathway
Boxin Qiu, Fen Wang, Xin Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Changjin Liang, Huan Yang, Chao Song, Shaomin Lin
Ceramics International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Superparamagnetism of Baked Clays Containing Polymorphs of Iron Oxides: Experimental Study and Theoretical Modeling
Petr Kharitonskii, Andrei Krasilin, Nadezhda Belskaya, Svetlana Yanson, Nikita Bobrov, Andrey Ralin, Kamil Gareev, Nikita Zolotov, Dmitry Zaytsev, Elena Sergienko
Magnetochemistry.2025; 11(12): 103. CrossRef

[English]
Recent Advances in Thermoelectric Materials and Devices: Improving Power Generation Performance: Momanyi Amos Okirigiti, Cheol Min Kim, Hyejeong Choi, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Kwi-Il Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(1):1-15. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00395

12,836 View
288 Download
10 Citations

Abstract PDF

Thermoelectric materials have been the focus of extensive research interest in recent years due to their potential in clean power generation from waste heat. Their conversion efficiency is primarily reflected by the dimensionless figure of merit, with higher values indicating better performance. There is a pressing need to discover materials that increase output power and improve performance, from the material level to device fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements, such as Bi2Te3-based nanostructures that reduce thermal conductivity while maintaining electrical conductivity, GeTe-based high entropy alloys that utilize multiple elements for improved thermoelectric properties, porous metal-organic frameworks offering tunable structures, and organic/hybrid films that present low-cost, flexible solutions. Innovations in thermoelectric generator designs, such as asymmetrical geometries, segmented modules, and flexible devices, have further contributed to increased efficiency and output power. Together, these developments are paving the way for more effective thermoelectric technologies in sustainable energy generation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

State-of-the-art research in conducting polymer thermoelectric composites: Design strategies, doping innovations, and emerging technologies
Vilakshana Acharya, Shivani Verma, Seema Gupta, Gaurav Pandey, Aanchal Sethi, Pooja Rawat
Journal of Applied Physics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A Powder-Metallurgical Route to Ag2(Te,S) Compounds and Their Thermoelectric Properties
Seungki Jo, Yoojeong Ji, Linh Ba Vu, Kyung Tae Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 214. CrossRef
Interfacial Characterization of Al2O3-Coated p-Type Bi–Sb–Te Powders by Thermal and UV-assisted Atomic Layer Deposition
Jin Kyeong Shin, Yeongtae Choi, Byung Joon Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 221. CrossRef
Design and optimization of all-segmented thermoelectric legs based on Bi2Te3 and SnTe for wide-range energy harvesting
Hyejeong Choi, Momanyi Amos Okirigiti, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Jong Min Park, Donghyun Shin, Ho Seong Lee, Kyung Tae Kim, Changyeon Baek, Min-Ku Lee, Gyoung-Ja Lee, Kwi-Il Park
Journal of Power Sources.2026; 691: 240981. CrossRef
Fabrication of Multilayer Core-Shell Structure for High Power Factor in Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Thermoelectrics
Su Min Eun, Jin Kyeong Shin, Se Been Jeong, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh, Byung Joon Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(4): 299. CrossRef
Mathematical and simulation modeling of photovoltaic systems utilizing thermoelectric modules for effective thermal management
Muhammad Sohaib Tahir, Xue Dong, Muhammad Mansoor Khan
Results in Engineering.2025; 27: 106344. CrossRef
Summary of Publications in the Special Issue: Advances in Corrosion Resistant Coatings
Yong X. Gan
Coatings.2025; 15(11): 1350. CrossRef
Standard Reference Thermoelectric Modules Based on Metallic Combinations and Geometric Design
EunA Koo, Hanhwi Jang, SuDong Park, Sang Hyun Park, Sae-byul Kang
Applied Sciences.2025; 15(18): 10273. CrossRef
Research Trends in Magneto-Mechano-Electric (MME) Energy Harvesting Devices
So Ie Jeong, Geon-Tae Hwang
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(6): 529. CrossRef
Transient In-Situ Identification of Thermal Parameters in Commercial Thermoelectric Modules using Transfer-Function Models
Gurum Ahmad Pauzi, Irfan Alfiansyah, Agus Riyanto, Donni Kis Apriyanto, Yanti Yulianti, Warsito Warsito
Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni.2025; 14(2): 187. CrossRef

Research Article

[English]
Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Performance of Fe-6.5Si Soft Magnetic Core Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Ji Sang Yoon, Yeon Woo Kim, Gyu Hyun Park, Youk Jin Kim, Sang Heon Lee, Jeong Seok Kim, Sung Ho Yu, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):177-183. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00094

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Abstract PDF: High-silicon electrical steels containing 6.5 wt.% Si (Fe-6.5Si) are promising materials for high-efficiency electric motors because of their high electrical resistivity and low core loss. However, the intrinsic brittleness of high-silicon steels limits their formability using conventional fabrication methods, such as cold rolling, pressure forming, and sintering, making it difficult to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) soft magnetic cores for axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors. Additive manufacturing has recently attracted attention as an effective approach for producing complex magnetic components. In particular, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) enables the fabrication of geometrically complex structures through localized melting and rapid solidification of metal powders. During LPBF, rapid thermal cycling can generate unique microstructures that influence the magnetic properties of fabricated materials. In this study, Fe-6.5Si samples were fabricated using LPBF, and their microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated. In addition, a complex-shaped 3D core was successfully fabricated by LPBF, and the performance of an AFPM motor equipped with the LPBF-fabricated core was evaluated. The results show that the LPBF-fabricated core can provide superior performance-to-weight efficiency for lightweight motor applications.

Critical Review

[English]
A Review of Recent Developments in CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys Processed by Powder Metallurgy: Cheenepalli Nagarjuna, Sheetal Kumar Dewangan, Hansung Lee, Eunhyo Song, K. Raja Rao, Byungmin Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):145-164. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00430

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179 Download
9 Citations

Abstract PDF

In recent years, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted considerable attention in materials engineering due to their unique phase stability and mechanical properties compared to conventional alloys. Since the inception of HEAs, CoCrFeMnNi alloys have been widely investigated due to their outstanding strength and fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. However, their lower yield strength at room temperature limits their structural applications. The mechanical properties of HEAs are greatly influenced by their processing methods and microstructural features. Unlike traditional melting techniques, powder metallurgy (PM) provides a unique opportunity to produce HEAs with nanocrystalline structures and uniform compositions. The current review explores recent advances in optimizing the microstructural characteristics in CoCrFeMnNi HEAs by using PM techniques to improve mechanical performance. The most promising strategies include grain refinement, dispersion strengthening, and the development of heterogeneous microstructures (e.g., harmonic, bimodal, and multi-metal lamellar structures). Thermomechanical treatments along with additive manufacturing techniques are also summarized. Additionally, the review addresses current challenges and suggests future research directions for designing advanced HEAs through PM techniques.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of annealing temperature on thermal expansion and cryogenic mechanical properties of low-thermal-expansion Co22.2Cr6.2Fe48.8Ni17.8Cu5.0 medium-entropy alloy
Wooyoung Lee, Munsu Choi, Sungwook Kim, Dae-Kyeom Kim, Myungsuk Song, Taek-Soo Kim, Jungwan Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim, Hyunjoo Choi, Soo-Hyun Joo
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 954: 149811. CrossRef
Sustainable powder metallurgy route to Densify oxide-derived CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy
Taehyeob Im, Minjong Kim, Gertrude Mugwe Mongella, Nelson Bayi, Caroline Sunyong Lee
Materials Today Sustainability.2026; 34: 101330. CrossRef
Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification of 3D Interconnected Heterostructured Complex Concentrated Alloys Produced by Liquid Metal Dealloying: Microstructural Evolution and Wear Behavior
Jumi Choi, Yeji Kim, Munsu Choi, Jae Hyuk Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Auezhan Amanov, Soo-Hyun Joo, Hyoung Seop Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(2): 91. CrossRef
Fabrication, application, and phase formation rules in high-entropy alloys
Milad Sakkaki, Vahid Pouyafar, Ramin Meshkabadi, Mehdi Shahedi Asl
Journal of Materials Science.2026; 61(27): 19161. CrossRef
Ultra-Low Temperature Mechanical Response of Laser Powder Bed Fusion–Processed C-Containing CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy
Jae-Yong Cheon, Seong-June Youn, Young-Sang Na, Young-Kyun Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 195. CrossRef
Thermodynamic investigation, design and syntheses of non-equiatomic NiCoCuFeMn high-entropy alloys based on phase formation rules
Milad Sakkaki, Vahid Pouyafar, Ramin Meshkabadi, Mehdi Shahedi Asl
Intermetallics.2026; 197: 109435. CrossRef
Optimization of fine-grained powder addition for strengthening and wear resistance in heterostructured 2219 Al alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy
Yiping Lv, Haohao Zou, Hongfei Yuan, Yuning Zhang, Huadong Ye, Weiwei Zhu, Shengjian Zhou, Xu Ran
Powder Metallurgy.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Thermodynamic and Electronic Descriptor-Driven Machine Learning for Phase Prediction in High-Entropy Alloys: Experimental Validation
Nguyen Lam Khoa, Nguyen Duy Khanh, Hoang Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Oanh, Le Hong Thang, Nguyen Hoa Khiem, Nguyen Hoang Viet
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 191. CrossRef
Structural and mechanical characteristics of high-entropy CoCrFeMnNi alloys manufactured by vacuum induction melting
V. K. Drobyshev, I. A. Panchenko, S. V. Konovalov, E. M. Zapolskaya
Russian Physics Journal.2025; 68(12): 2105. CrossRef

Research Articles

[Korean]
Aging Temperature Effect on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Directed Energy Deposited Inconel 939 Alloy: Youngwoo Kim, Ye Chan Sung, Ho Seoung Kang, Jung Gi Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):203-213. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00115

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Abstract PDF: Directed energy deposition (DED) of Inconel 939 (IN939) alloy is useful for fabricating and repairing geometrically complex components used in gas turbine systems. Repeated laser scanning produces a non-equilibrium microstructure that can support high mechanical strength. However, because the microstructure of DED IN939 differs from that of conventionally manufactured IN939, it may evolve differently under the same post-heat-treatment conditions. Therefore, this study applied different aging temperatures to investigate the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of DED IN939 alloys and to identify suitable post-heat-treatment conditions. Quantitative microstructural characterization showed that both the γ′ phase fraction and γ′ size increased as the first and second aging temperatures increased. Consistent with γ′ evolution under the different aging conditions, specimen strength was positively correlated with aging temperature, whereas elongation decreased because excessive γ′ formation and growth narrowed the γ′ channel width. Consequently, aging at 840 °C for 8 hours followed by aging at 740 °C for 8 hours provided the best combination of high strength and ductility in room-temperature tensile tests.

[English]
Ultra-Low Temperature Mechanical Response of Laser Powder Bed Fusion–Processed C-Containing CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy: Jae-Yong Cheon, Seong-June Youn, Young-Sang Na, Young-Kyun Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):195-202. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00101

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Abstract PDF: This study examined the microstructure and tensile behavior, from room temperature to 4.2 K, of a carbon-containing CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Microstructural analysis revealed that the LPBF-built HEA comprised a single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and exhibited epitaxial grain growth along the build direction. Dislocation cell structures and Cr-rich carbides were also observed within the grains. Tensile testing demonstrated a monotonic increase in both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength with decreasing temperature, and the LPBF-fabricated HEA consistently exhibited higher strength than its wrought counterpart across the entire temperature range investigated. Deformation twins were identified in all tested specimens, with the twin fraction increasing markedly at 4.2 K. These findings suggest that the excellent mechanical performance of the LPBF-fabricated carbon-containing CoCrFeMnNi HEA under ultra-low-temperature conditions is attributable to the combined effects of process-inherent microstructural features and pronounced deformation twinning.

[English]
Fabrication and Thermal Conductivity of Boron Nitride Nano Barb/Acrylic Polymer Nanocomposites: Hyojeong Lee, Jiyeon Koo, Eunsu Park, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):230-238. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00143

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Abstract PDF: The effect of manual mortar-grinding pretreatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of Boron Nitride Nano Barb (BNNB)-filled acrylic polymer composites was investigated. Composites incorporated with 5 wt.% (≈3 vol.%) of either virgin or mechanically fractured (shattered) BNNB were fabricated via hot-pressing of a thermoplastic acrylic resin at 230°C under 96 MPa for 90 min. Vickers hardness increased from 20.4 HV for neat acrylic to 29.2 HV (+43.1%) for the shattered BNNB composite, which is attributed to the omnipresent activation of barb-mediated mechanical interlocking within the polymer matrix. Thermal conductivity improved by 18.1% and 34.7% relative to neat acrylic for the Acrylic/Virgin BNNB and Acrylic/Shattered BNNB composites, respectively. The superior thermal performance is attributed to a phonon bridging network formed through barb-mediated contact between dispersed BNNB fragments, supported by experimental values exceeding Lewis–Nielsen model predictions. These results demonstrate that simple manual grinding simultaneously enhances mechanical and thermal properties without chemical surface modification, offering a practical strategy for thermally conductive polymer composite design.

[English]
A Powder-Metallurgical Route to Ag₂(Te,S) Compounds and Their Thermoelectric Properties: Seungki Jo, Yoojeong Ji, Linh Ba Vu, Kyung Tae Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):214-220. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00122

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19 Download

Abstract PDF: Silver chalcogenides have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for wearable power generation because they combine mechanical ductility with favorable thermoelectric properties. However, most reported synthesis methods rely on high-temperature melting and annealing, which offer limited microstructural control and therefore restrict opportunities for further performance improvement. In this study, Ag2S0.4Te0.6 compounds were synthesized through a powder-metallurgical route that combined mechanical alloying with rapid densification by spark plasma sintering. Ball milling produced amorphized microscale powders, which were successfully consolidated at different sintering temperatures. The sample sintered at 600 °C exhibited the highest power factor, mainly because of its optimized electrical transport properties, and achieved zT values of approximately 0.32 near room temperature and approximately 0.50 at 473 K. These results indicate that powder-metallurgical processing is a viable strategy for tailoring transport properties and improving the thermoelectric performance of silver chalcogenide materials for wearable applications.

[English]
Cryogenic Tensile Behavior of Ferrous Medium-entropy Alloy Additively Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Seungyeon Lee, Kyung Tae Kim, Ji-Hun Yu, Hyoung Seop Kim, Jae Wung Bae, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):8-15. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.8

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

The emergence of ferrous-medium entropy alloys (FeMEAs) with excellent tensile properties represents a potential direction for designing alloys based on metastable engineering. In this study, an FeMEA is successfully fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), a metal additive manufacturing technology. Tensile tests are conducted on the LPBF-processed FeMEA at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures (77 K). At 77 K, the LPBF-processed FeMEA exhibits high yield strength and excellent ultimate tensile strength through active deformation-induced martensitic transformation. Furthermore, due to the low stability of the face-centered cubic (FCC) phase of the LPBF-processed FeMEA based on nano-scale solute heterogeneity, stress-induced martensitic transformation occurs, accompanied by the appearance of a yield point phenomenon during cryogenic tensile deformation. This study elucidates the origin of the yield point phenomenon and deformation behavior of the FeMEA at 77 K.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Stronger weld than base metal in face-centered cubic alloy through multi-scale heterogeneity
Yoona Lee, Sangwon Park, Dongwon Shin, Marcia Myung Hye Ahn, Wei Xiong, Nokeun Park, Hyoung Seop Kim, Je In Lee, Wookjin Lee, Yoon Suk Choi, Jeong Min Park, Namhyun Kang
Materials Research Letters.2026; 14(4): 386. CrossRef
Tensile behavior at cryogenic temperatures of Al 7075 + 1.8%wt Zr alloy processed by L-PBF
Gabrielle Tiphéne, Nicolas Nothomb, Marie-Noëlle Avettand-Fénoël, Aude Simar
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 966: 150364. CrossRef
Effect of Building Orientation on Tensile Properties of Hastelloy X alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Seong-June Youn, GooWon Noh, Seok Su Sohn, Young-Sang Na, Young-Kyun Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(2): 130. CrossRef
Thermodynamic and Electronic Descriptor-Driven Machine Learning for Phase Prediction in High-Entropy Alloys: Experimental Validation
Nguyen Lam Khoa, Nguyen Duy Khanh, Hoang Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Oanh, Le Hong Thang, Nguyen Hoa Khiem, Nguyen Hoang Viet
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 191. CrossRef
Cryogenic tensile behavior of carbon-doped CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Haeum Park, Hyeonseok Kwon, Kyung Tae Kim, Ji-Hun Yu, Jungho Choe, Hyokyung Sung, Hyoung Seop Kim, Jung Gi Kim, Jeong Min Park
Additive Manufacturing.2024; 86: 104223. CrossRef
Recent progress in high-entropy alloys for laser powder bed fusion: Design, processing, microstructure, and performance
Asker Jarlöv, Zhiguang Zhu, Weiming Ji, Shubo Gao, Zhiheng Hu, Priyanka Vivegananthan, Yujia Tian, Devesh Raju Kripalani, Haiyang Fan, Hang Li Seet, Changjun Han, Liming Tan, Feng Liu, Mui Ling Sharon Nai, Kun Zhou
Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports.2024; 161: 100834. CrossRef

[English]
Thermodynamic and Electronic Descriptor-Driven Machine Learning for Phase Prediction in High-Entropy Alloys: Experimental Validation: Nguyen Lam Khoa, Nguyen Duy Khanh, Hoang Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh, , Le Hong Thang, Nguyen Hoa Khiem, Nguyen Hoang Viet; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):191-201. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00143

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9 Citations

Abstract PDF

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit complex phase formation behavior, challenging conventional predictive methods. This study presents a machine learning (ML) framework for phase prediction in HEAs, using a curated dataset of 648 experimentally characterized compositions and features derived from thermodynamic and electronic descriptors. Three classifiers—random forest, gradient boosting, and CatBoost—were trained and validated through cross-validation and testing. Gradient boosting achieved the highest accuracy, and valence electron concentration (VEC), atomic size mismatch (δ), and enthalpy of mixing (ΔHmix) were identified as the most influential features. The model predictions were experimentally verified using a non-equiatomic Al₃₀Cu₁₇.₅Fe₁₇.₅Cr₁₇.₅Mn₁₇.₅ alloy and the equiatomic Cantor alloy (CoCrFeMnNi), both of which showed strong agreement with predicted phase structures. The results demonstrate that combining physically informed feature engineering with ML enables accurate and generalizable phase prediction, supporting accelerated HEA design.

Citations

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Effect of annealing temperature on thermal expansion and cryogenic mechanical properties of low-thermal-expansion Co22.2Cr6.2Fe48.8Ni17.8Cu5.0 medium-entropy alloy
Wooyoung Lee, Munsu Choi, Sungwook Kim, Dae-Kyeom Kim, Myungsuk Song, Taek-Soo Kim, Jungwan Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim, Hyunjoo Choi, Soo-Hyun Joo
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 954: 149811. CrossRef
Amorphization–Densification Coupling Governs Hardness Enhancement in SPS-Consolidated Al–Fe–Nb–(Ni,Ti) Metastable Alloys
Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh, Nguyen Hoang Viet
Materials.2026; 19(12): 2628. CrossRef
Cr-Fe-Ni-Al designed from Cr-Fe-Co-Ni-Al high entropy alloys by ‘equal VEC strategy’ with significant reduction in cost and comparable mechanical properties
Chen Zhao, Ying Lin, Ziming Chen, Yangyang Cheng, Xinyu Li, Zhongyao Sun, Ruofei Deng, Yanzhe Wang, Chen Chen
Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2026; 1079: 190155. CrossRef
Interpretable Deep Learning–Machine Learning Models for Accelerated Discovery of Elastic Properties in Refractory High‐Entropy Alloys
Amer Almahmoud, Abdalla Obeidat
Advanced Theory and Simulations.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Phase-stability-guided explainable machine learning for mechanical-property prediction and experimentally supported candidate screening of high-entropy alloys
Derong Yuan, Delin Yuan, Xiaoyu Xu
Frontiers in Materials.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
High-Entropy Alloy Composites: A Review of Reinforcement Architectures, Interfacial Thermodynamics, Processing Routes, and Performance
Ifeyinwa Glory Ibekwe, Samuel Ranti Oke, Sodiq Abiodun Kareem, Babatunde Olamide Iwarere, Oluwasegun Eso Falodun, Justus Uchenna Anaele, Michael Oluwatosin Bodunrin
Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2026; : 191566. CrossRef
Novel Ensemble Prediction Framework for Fast and Accurate Phase Prediction in FeNiCoCrAlCu High‐Entropy Alloys by Integrating Data Augmentation and Interpretable Methods
Ruixiao Zhang, Biao Chen, Ruihao Yuan, Yi Williams Wang, Jun Wang, Jinshan Li
Materials Genome Engineering Advances.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Preparation and Arc Erosion Behavior of Cu-Based Contact Materials Reinforced with High Entropy Particles CuCrNiCoFe
Jiacheng Tong, Jun Wang, Huimin Zhang, Haoran Liu, Youchang Sun, Zhiguo Li, Wenyi Zhang, Zhe Wang, Yanli Chang, Zhao Yuan, Henry Hu
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B.2025; 56(5): 5948. CrossRef
Recent progresses on high entropy alloy development using machine learning: A review
Abhishek Kumar, Nilay Krishna Mukhopadhyay, Thakur Prasad Yadav
Computational Materials Today.2025; 8: 100038. CrossRef

Critical Reviews

[English]
Advances in Powder Metallurgy for High-Entropy Alloys: Sheetal Kumar Dewangan, Cheenepalli Nagarjuna, Hansung Lee, K. Raja Rao, Man Mohan, Reliance Jain, Byungmin Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):480-492. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00297

9,949 View
215 Download
12 Citations

Abstract PDF

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a revolutionary class of materials characterized by their multi-principal element compositions and exceptional mechanical properties. Powder metallurgy, a versatile and cost-effective manufacturing process, offers significant advantages for the development of HEAs, including precise control over their composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. This review explores innovative approaches integrating powder metallurgy techniques in the synthesis and optimization of HEAs. Key advances in powder production, sintering methods, and additive manufacturing are examined, highlighting their roles in improving the performance, advancement, and applicability of HEAs. The review also discusses the mechanical properties, potential industrial applications, and future trends in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of HEA development using powder metallurgy.

Citations

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Effect of Pressure and Temperature on the Microstructure and Vickers Microhardness of the CoCrFeMnNiAl1.5 Alloy During Conventional Sintering and High-Frequency Induction Sintering
Leonardo Baylón García, José Manuel Mendoza Duarte, Ivanovich Estrada Guel, Audel Santos Beltrán, Hansel Manuel Medrano Prieto, Gustavo Rodríguez Cabriales, Enrique Rocha Rangel, José Luis Hernández Rivera, Roberto Martínez Sánchez, Alfredo Martínez Garcí
Coatings.2026; 16(3): 275. CrossRef
Sustainable powder metallurgy route to Densify oxide-derived CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy
Taehyeob Im, Minjong Kim, Gertrude Mugwe Mongella, Nelson Bayi, Caroline Sunyong Lee
Materials Today Sustainability.2026; 34: 101330. CrossRef
Review on the impact of processing routes and external factors on phase formation and tribological properties of CoCrFeMnNi HEAs
Rituraj Chandrakar, Om Prakash, Anil Kumar, Ankur Jaiswal, Manish Kumar
Emergent Materials.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Reinforcing High-Entropy Alloy Composites and Exploring the Impacts of Various Reinforcement Fillers on Microstructure and Mechanical Characterizations: A Comprehensive Review
Zary Adabavazeh, Arghavan Goudarzi, Babak Safaei
Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Study of microstructural evolution and solid-solution strengthening in a Fe₅₂₋ₓNi₂₆TiₓCr₁₈Cu₄ (x = 1–2 at%) complex concentrated alloy: computational simulation and experimental validation
Manuel Cabrera, Diego Suazo, Javiera Contreras-Cerón, Carlos Campos, Sergio Sauceda, Nicolás Canales, Cristóbal Montalba, Angelo Oñate
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.2026; 145(11-12): 8035. CrossRef
LLM-driven automated literature review and taxonomy generation for powder metallurgy
Xiang Li, Ling Chen, Botao Zhang, Zhibin Niu, Yiming Yuan
Materials & Design.2026; 269: 116630. CrossRef
Microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior of Co/Mo-modified NiCrCu medium-entropy alloy prepared by powder metallurgy
Wessam A. Ahmed, Mohamed El-Shazly, Shimaa Abolkassem, Lamiaa Z. Mohamed
Chemical Papers.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Machine learning-driven accelerated discovery of high-entropy alloys: From composition engineering to multifunctional property prediction
Reliance Jain, Rakesh Arya, Ahmed Farid Ibrahim, M.A. Hussein
Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2026; 1080: 190411. CrossRef
Molecular dynamics study of sintering in CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy powders: Effects of particle size and pressure modality
Hongzhen Tian, Shucheng Wang, Minggang Wang, Shenqi Wang, Qianfan Zhang
Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling.2026; 148: 109548. CrossRef
Fabrication and Alloying Behavior of Ultra-Lightweight AlTiCrVMg High-Entropy Alloy via Al-Mg Mutual Solubility and Sintering Control
Eunhyo Song, Hansung Lee, Byungmin Ahn
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 254. CrossRef
Thermodynamic and Electronic Descriptor-Driven Machine Learning for Phase Prediction in High-Entropy Alloys: Experimental Validation
Nguyen Lam Khoa, Nguyen Duy Khanh, Hoang Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Oanh, Le Hong Thang, Nguyen Hoa Khiem, Nguyen Hoang Viet
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 191. CrossRef
Latest Advancements and Mechanistic Insights into High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Properties and Applications
Anthoula Poulia, Alexander E. Karantzalis
Materials.2025; 18(24): 5616. CrossRef

[Korean]
Smelting and Recycling of Vanadium: Ho-Sang Sohn; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):61-73. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00010

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Abstract PDF: Global annual production of vanadium is approximately 100,000 tonnes; however, it remains a critical metal for steelmaking and modern industry. This study reviews the current status of vanadium smelting and recycling technologies. Approximately 90% of vanadium is produced as ferrovanadium (FeV) for use in steel alloys, although it is also utilized in titanium alloys, battery materials, and other applications. Both mineral ores and secondary waste resources serve as raw materials for vanadium production. These materials are typically subjected to roasting followed by acid or alkaline leaching to extract V₂O₅. Vanadium metal and FeV are produced from V₂O₅ primarily through aluminothermic reduction; alternatively, metallic vanadium can be manufactured via thermal reduction using Ca, Mg, or C, as well as by molten salt electrolysis. Crude vanadium is subsequently refined into high-purity metal through high-temperature vacuum treatment, electron beam melting, or molten salt electrolytic refining. Vanadium contained in steel scrap is recycled through re-melting in an electric arc furnace. Vanadium present in fly ash and spent catalysts is recovered using smelting processes similar to those applied to natural ores.

Research Article

[Korean]
Extraction of MgSO₄ from dolomite and synthesis of Mg(OH)₂ in Bittern: HyunSeung Shim, Jiyeon Kim, Areum Choi, Nuri Oh, YooJin Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):122-130. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00073

2,769 View
57 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF

We synthesized magnesium hydroxide using bittern and dolomite, which are domestic resources. In Bittern, there is a high concentration of Mg2+ ions, but the impurity Ca2+ ion content is also significant, requiring a purification process to remove it. There are two main methods for this purification. Firstly, there is a separation method that utilizes the difference in solubility between Mg2+ ions and Ca2+ ions by using sulfuric acid on dolomite. Adding MgSO4 solution from dolomite to Bittern removes Ca2+ ions as CaSO4. This process simultaneously purifies Ca impurities and increases the Mg/Ca ratio by adding extra Mg2+ ions. In this study, purified bittern was obtained by using dolomite and sulfuric acid to extract MgSO4, which was then used to purify Ca2+ ions. High-purity Mg(OH)2 was synthesized by optimizing the NaOH and NH4OH ratio as an alkaline precipitant.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Microwave-assisted carbonation of magnesium hydroxide in aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution
Wonseok Hur, YooJin Kim, Duk-Young Jung
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids.2026; 215: 113714. CrossRef
Synthesis and Morphology Control of Needle Type 513 MHSH and Mg(OH)2 from Dolomite
Jiyeon Kim, HyunSeung Shim, Seong-Ju Hwang, YooJin Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(5): 399. CrossRef

Critical Reviews

[English]
Comparative Review of the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated via Wrought and Powder Metallurgy Processes: Raj Narayan Hajra, Gargi Roy, An Seong Min, Hyunseok Lee, Jeoung Han Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):365-373. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00213

5,790 View
130 Download
5 Citations

Abstract PDF

This review examines the microstructural and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by wrought processing and powder metallurgy (PM), specifically laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and hot isostatic pressing. Wrought methods, such as forging and rolling, create equiaxed alpha (α) and beta (β) grain structures with balanced properties, which are ideal for fatigue resistance. In contrast, PM methods, particularly LPBF, often yield a martensitic α′ structure with high microhardness, enabling complex geometries but requiring post-processing to improve its properties and reduce stress. The study evaluated the effects of processing parameters on grain size, phase distribution, and material characteristics, guiding the choice of fabrication techniques for optimizing Ti-6Al-4V performance in aerospace, biomedical, and automotive applications. The analysis emphasizes tailored processing to meet advanced engineering demands.

Citations

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Fabrication-induced microstructural heterogeneity as the origin of fatigue failure in Ti-6Al-4 V ELI
André Luiz Vidilli, Elielson Alves dos Santos, Brenda Juliet Martins Freitas, Thiago Roberto Felisardo Cavalcante, Arthur de Bribean Guerra, Guilherme Yuuki Koga, Claudemiro Bolfarini
Engineering Failure Analysis.2026; 193: 110941. CrossRef
Production of Pre-Alloyed Ti–6Al–4V Powders from Titanium Sponge via a Combined Mechanical Alloying and Hydrogenation–Dehydrogenation Process for Powder Metallurgy
Nazerke Serikkyzy, Zarina Aringozhina, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Meruyert Adilkanova, Nurtoleu Magazov, Arnur Askhatov
Processes.2026; 14(12): 1991. CrossRef
Optimization of Hydrogenation, Milling, and Dehydrogenation Parameters During HDH Processing of Sponge Titanium
Nazerke Serikkyzy, Zarina Aringozhina, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Malgorzata Rutkowska-Gorczyca, Meruyert Adilkanova, Nurtoleu Magazov
Metals.2026; 16(8): 851. CrossRef
Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Titanium Turning Scrap via Alkali and Acid Two-Step Cleaning
Seong Min An, Raj Narayan Hajra, Chan Hee Park, Jin-Ho Yoon, Jinsung Rho, Chang-Min Yoon, Jeoung Han Kim
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2025; 66(7): 855. CrossRef
Effect of oxygen content in feedstock powders on microstructure and mechanical properties of ELI Ti-6Al-4V fabricated via laser powder bed fusion
Woo Hyeok Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Raj Narayan Hajra, Gargi Roy, Jeoung Han Kim
Powder Metallurgy.2025; 68(4): 307. CrossRef

[Korean]
Smelting and Recycling of Niobium: Ho-Sang Sohn; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):517-528. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00367

5,730 View
31 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Global annual production of niobium is only around 100,000 tonnes; however, it is a critical metal for modern industry and is mined in only a limited number of regions. This study reviews the current status of niobium smelting and recycling technologies. Approximately 90% of niobium is produced as ferroniobium (FeNb) for use in steel alloys, although niobium is also utilized in superalloys, superconductors, capacitors, semiconductors, and other applications. Niobium coexists with tantalum in columbite and tantalite ores. These ores are decomposed by hydrofluoric acid digestion or alkali fusion, followed by solvent extraction to separate Nb2O5 and Ta2O5. Niobium metal and FeNb are produced from Nb2O5 primarily via aluminothermic reduction, although metallic niobium can also be manufactured by thermal reduction using Mg, Ca, or C, as well as by molten salt electrolysis. Crude niobium is subsequently refined into high-purity niobium through molten salt electrolytic refining, high-temperature vacuum treatment, and electron beam melting. Because most niobium is used as an alloying element in stainless steel and high-strength low-alloy steel, recycling practices for niobium remain poorly documented.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Smelting and Recycling of Tantalum
Ho-Sang Sohn
Resources Recycling.2026; 35(1): 3. CrossRef
Smelting and Recycling of Vanadium
Ho-Sang Sohn
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(1): 61. CrossRef

Research Articles

[Korean]
The Manufacturing Process of Clean Ni-Cr-Co-Based Superalloy Powder Using a Plasma Rotating Electrode: Kyu-Sik Kim, Dae Woong Kim, Yeontae Kim, Jung Hyo Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):222-231. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00171

1,984 View
51 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Ni-based superalloys are widely used for critical components in aerospace, defense, industrial power generation systems, and other applications. Clean superalloy powders and manufacturing processes, such as compaction and hot isostatic pressing, are essential for producing superalloy discs used in turbine engines, which operate under cyclic rotating loads and high-temperature conditions. In this study, the plasma rotating electrode process (PREP), one of the most promising methods for producing clean metallic powders, is employed to fabricate Ni-based superalloy powders. PREP leads to a larger powder size and narrower distribution compared to powders produced by vacuum induction melt gas atomization. An important finding is that highly spheroidized powders almost free of satellites, fractured, and deformed particles can be obtained by PREP, with significantly low oxygen content (approximately 50 ppm). Additionally, large grain size and surface inclusions should be further controlled during the PREP process to produce high-quality powder metallurgy parts.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Characterization of Hf, Pt-doped NiCoCrAlY powders fabricated via plasma rotating electrode process
Chengxi Wang, Bochun Zhang, Jiale Tian, Peng Song, Taihong Huang, Jilin Lei, Wei Deng, Vincent Ji
Powder Technology.2026; 480: 122628. CrossRef

[Korean]
Fabrication and High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Light-Weight Insulation Materials and Coatings for Reusable Thermal Protection Systems: Min-Soo Nam, Jong-Il Kim, Jaesung Shin, Hyeonjun Kim, Bum-Seok Oh, Seongwon Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):521-529. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00318

3,155 View
85 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Light-weight ceramic insulation materials and high-emissivity coatings were fabricated for reusable thermal protection systems (TPS). Alumina-silica fibers and boric acid were used to fabricate the insulation, which was heat treated at 1250 °C. High-emissivity coating of borosilicate glass modified with TaSi2, MoSi2, and SiB6 was applied via dip-and-spray coating methods and heat-treated at 1100°C. Testing in a high-velocity oxygen fuel environment at temperatures over 1100 °C for 120 seconds showed that the rigid structures withstood the flame robustly. The coating effectively infiltrated into the fibers, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Although some oxidation of TaSi2 occurred, thereby increasing the Ta2O5 and SiO2 phases, no significant phase changes or performance degradation were observed. These results demonstrate the potential of these materials for reusable TPS applications in extreme thermal environments.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Durability Assessment of Tile-Type Reusable Thermal Protection Materials
Minjeong Kim, Seong Man Choi
Materials.2026; 19(2): 303. CrossRef

Critical Review

[Korean]
Recent Developments in Quantum Dot Patterning Technology for Quantum Dot Display: Yeong Jun Jin, Kyung Jun Jung, Jaehan Jung; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):169-179. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00073

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183 Download

Abstract PDF: Colloidal quantum dot (QDs) have emerged as a crucial building block for LEDs due to their size-tunable emission wavelength, narrow spectral line width, and high quantum efficiency. Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to improving the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) in the past decade, primarily focusing on optimization of device architectures and synthetic procedures for high quality QDs. However, despite these efforts, the commercialization of QLEDs has yet to be realized due to the absence of suitable large-scale patterning technologies for high-resolution devices., This review will focus on the development trends associated with transfer printing, photolithography, and inkjet printing, and aims to provide a brief overview of the fabricated QLED devices. The advancement of various quantum dot patterning methods will lead to the development of not only QLED devices but also solar cells, quantum communication, and quantum computers.

Research Articles

[English]
Data-driven Approach to Explore the Contribution of Process Parameters for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Jeong Min Park, Jaimyun Jung, Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Yeon Woo Kim, Ji-Hun Yu; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):137-145. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00038

7,285 View
168 Download
9 Citations

Abstract PDF

In order to predict the process window of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for printing metallic components, the calculation of volumetric energy density (VED) has been widely calculated for controlling process parameters. However, because it is assumed that the process parameters contribute equally to heat input, the VED still has limitation for predicting the process window of LPBF-processed materials. In this study, an explainable machine learning (xML) approach was adopted to predict and understand the contribution of each process parameter to defect evolution in Ti alloys in the LPBF process. Various ML models were trained, and the Shapley additive explanation method was adopted to quantify the importance of each process parameter. This study can offer effective guidelines for fine-tuning process parameters to fabricate high-quality products using LPBF.

Citations

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Data-Driven analysis relates mechanical properties to pore morphology in laser powder bed fusion
Jaemin Wang, Seungyeon Lee, Yeon Woo Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jeong Min Park, Dierk Raabe
Acta Materialia.2026; 304: 121751. CrossRef
From physics to intelligence: a review of AI-driven modeling strategies in laser direct energy deposition additive manufacturing
Seyedeh Fatemeh Nabavi, Saeid Nahavandi, Hamid Garmestani
Optics & Laser Technology.2026; 199: 114946. CrossRef
Progresses and Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses
Md Mahbubur Rahman, Raju Ahammad, Asif Karim Neon, Mukitur Rhaman, Md Jonaet Ansari, Md Nizam Uddin, Md Mainul Islam, Muhammad Altaf Nazir
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing.2026; 10(4): 121. CrossRef
Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Performance of Fe-6.5Si Soft Magnetic Core Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Ji Sang Yoon, Yeon Woo Kim, Gyu Hyun Park, Youk Jin Kim, Sang Heon Lee, Jeong Seok Kim, Sung Ho Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 177. CrossRef
Machine learning for laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V: A review of forming quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties prediction
Pengzhi Liu, Xin Hou, Ruibo Zhang, Jiemin He, Zhiheng Du, Xiaohang Zhang, Shun Xu, Wei Xu, Xin Lu
Metals Advances.2026; 49: 75. CrossRef
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 244. CrossRef
Automated segmentation and analysis of microscopy images of laser powder bed fusion melt tracks
Aagam Shah, Reimar Weissbach, David A. Griggs, A. John Hart, Elif Ertekin, Sameh Tawfick
Journal of Manufacturing Processes.2025; 154: 61. CrossRef
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of AlSi10Mg, 316L Stainless Steel and Ti6Al4V Alloys Made with Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Selami Emanet, Edem Honu, Kekeli Agbewornu, Evelyn Quansah, Congyuan Zeng, Patrick Mensah
Materials.2025; 18(19): 4468. CrossRef
Adaptive slicing for increased productivity of metal laser powder bed fusion
Lars Vanmunster, Louca R. Goossens, Laurent Sergeant, Brecht Van Hooreweder, Bey Vrancken
Additive Manufacturing.2025; 112: 105000. CrossRef

[English]
Effect of Compositional Trade-off Between Cr and Mo on the Corrosion Resistance of Additively Manufactured Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo High-Entropy Alloys: Jeongmin Lee, Yeonghwan Song, Jae Hyuk Lee, Sung-Jae Jo, Minho Shin, Hyunbin Lim, Soon-Jik Hong, Soo-Hyun Joo; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):137-144. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00087

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Abstract PDF: In this study, the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo high-entropy alloys additively manufactured via direct energy deposition was investigated according to the compositional trade-off between Cr and Mo elements. Two distinct alloy compositions were fabricated by adjusting the feeding rate of two powders with different chemical compositions through a dual nozzle. Electrochemical testing in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution revealed that the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy exhibited inferior corrosion resistance compared to the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy. Specifically, the corrosion potential of the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy shifted negatively by approximately 200 mV compared to the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy, accompanied by an increase in corrosion current density and the pronounced initiation of localized pitting. This deterioration is attributed to a lack of passivation caused by the small amount of Mo in the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy. The passive film of the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy was more robust, characterized by a higher concentration of Mo, which effectively inhibited pit propagation through repassivation. These findings demonstrate that maintaining a critical Cr-Mo balance is more vital for the electrochemical stability of additively manufactured high-entropy alloys than unilateral Cr enrichment.

[English]
Microstructure and Properties Comparison of Pure Cu and Cu-5 wt.% Al₂O₃ Composite Processed by Spark Plasma Sintering: Dinh Van Cong, Dong-Wan Lee, Su-Wan Lee, Nguyen Minh Thuyet, Nguyen Viet Hoang, Jin-Chun Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):51-60. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00472

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study compares the microstructure and properties of pure Cu and Cu-5 wt.% Al2O3 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering under strictly identical processing conditions at 800-1000 °C. Pure Cu samples achieved near-full densification and exhibited a bimodal grain structure dominated by coarse grains with increasing sintering temperature. In contrast, the composite samples showed lower density and non-monotonic densification behavior, with a minimum relative density at 900 oC and significantly refined equiaxed grains due to strong grain-boundary pinning by nano Al2O3 particles. The higher fractions of high-angle boundaries and pronounced orientation disruption were observed in the composite samples, while high-resolution analysis confirmed the presence of grain-boundary Al2O3-rich regions that restricted Cu grain coalescence and continuity of grain boundary migration. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the absence of reaction phases in both materials. Hardness peaked at 900 °C for both samples, and the composite samples showed consistently lower hardness due to retained porosity. The apparent electrical conductivity of the composite displays a non-linear temperature dependence, reflecting the competing influences of densification, microstructural recovery, and the insulating nature of Al2O3.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Microstructure and properties of Cu matrix composites reinforced with WMoTaNb refractory high-entropy alloy nanoparticles fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Baoguang Zhang, Yuanping Huang, Jian Wang
Vacuum.2027; 255: 115819. CrossRef

[English]
Microstructural Evolution and Tensile Response of a Fe–15Cr Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel after Hot Rolling and Heat Treatment: Trung Thanh Pham, Woo-Hyeok Kim, Hyun-Cheol Kim, Jeoung Han Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(4):281-290. Published online August 6, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00157

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Abstract PDF: Fe-based oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) are promising structural materials for Generation IV nuclear systems because of their high-temperature strength, radiation tolerance, and microstructural stability. However, their mechanical performance is difficult to optimize because it depends on a coupled relationship among alloy composition, powder processing, consolidation, thermo-mechanical treatment, oxide dispersion, and deformation substructure. In this study, a machine learning (ML) screening workflow was used to prioritize multi-component Fe–15Cr-based ODS candidates based on predicted yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and total elongation, followed by experimental validation of the selected alloy. The investigated alloy was processed by mechanical alloying, hot isostatic pressing, hot rolling, and post-rolling heat treatment at 1100 °C for 24 h. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed that the hot-rolled condition contained an ultrafine, heterogeneous, and sub-structured ferritic matrix, whereas heat treatment produced substantial grain coarsening, recovery, and a high-angle grain-boundary-dominated structure. The hot-rolled alloy exhibited very high room-temperature strength, with a yield strength of 820 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 2079 MPa, but limited elongation of 2.3%. At 650 °C, elongation increased markedly to 34.9%. After heat treatment, room-temperature elongation improved to 13.9%, although the yield and ultimate tensile strengths decreased to 680 MPa and 935 MPa, respectively.

[English]
Interfacial Characterization of Al₂O₃-Coated p-Type Bi–Sb–Te Powders by Thermal and UV-assisted Atomic Layer Deposition: Jin Kyeong Shin, Yeongtae Choi, Byung Joon Choi; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):221-229. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00108

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Abstract PDF

Interface engineering is an effective strategy for enhancing thermoelectric performance by modulating carrier and phonon transport at interfaces. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which enables uniform, conformal, and thickness-controlled coatings, is particularly well-suited for this purpose. In this study, p-type Bi0.35Sb1.6Te3 (BST) powders were coated with Al2O3 using thermal ALD and UV-assisted ALD (UV-ALD) at 85 °C. Scanning electron microscopy showed that neither process substantially altered the morphology of the BST powders. However, particle size analysis revealed that the UV-ALD sample exhibited a greater tendency toward partial agglomeration, which may be associated with the more pronounced OH-related band observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results. Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping revealed continuous Al₂O₃-based coating layers approximately 2–3 nm thick on the BST particle surfaces, forming a core–shell structure. Fast Fourier transform analysis suggested that the coating layers were amorphous, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated Al–O bond formation while the main chemical states of BST were preserved. These results demonstrate that both thermal ALD and UV-ALD can effectively deposit continuous amorphous Al₂O₃-based interfacial layers on BST powders, providing a structural basis for future studies of interface-engineered thermoelectric materials.

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Fabrication of Multilayer Core-Shell Structure for High Power Factor in Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Thermoelectrics
Su Min Eun, Jin Kyeong Shin, Se Been Jeong, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh, Byung Joon Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(4): 299. CrossRef

[Korean]
Enhancement of the Electrochemical Performance of SiOx Anodes by Al₂O₃ Coating via Powder Atomic Layer Deposition: Donggeon Shin, Yoonsoo Han; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):501-508. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00416

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1 Citations

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Silicon based anode materials offer high theoretical capacity but suffer from severe volume expansion and unstable interfacial properties during repeated lithiation and delithiation, resulting in rapid performance degradation. In this study, a thin aluminum oxide coating layer was deposited on Si/SiOx Carbon anode materials using a powder atomic layer deposition (PALD) process to address these limitations. EDS mapping and XRD analyses confirmed the uniform formation of an amorphous aluminum oxide coating with increasing thickness as the deposition cycles increased. Electrochemical evaluation showed that the electrode coated with 5 PALD cycles exhibited approximately 78% higher capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 A g-1 and a higher initial Coulombic efficiency compared to the bare electrode. The coated electrode also delivered approximately 22% higher capacity at a high current density of 5 A g-1, indicating enhanced rate capability. Cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed increased surface controlled reaction contributions and improved reaction kinetics. These results demonstrate that PALD derived aluminum oxide coatings effectively stabilize the electrode electrolyte interface and enhance the electrochemical performance of silicon based anodes, highlighting their potential for next generation high capacity lithium ion batteries. generation high capacity lithium ion battery anode materials.

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AlN-PVDF composite protective coating for stabilizing lithium metal anodes in lithium metal batteries
Seul Ki Choi, Yun Seung Nah, Minho Yang
Carbon Letters.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[English]
SnF₂-Induced LiF Interphase for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes with Suppressed Dendrite Growth: Yeong Hoon Jeon, Seul Ki Choi, Yun Seung Nah, Wonil Shin, Yong-Ho Choa, Minho Yang; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):212-221. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00164

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Lithium (Li) metal is a promising anode for next-generation batteries due to its high capacity, low redox potential, and low density. However, dendrite growth and interfacial instability limit its use. In this study, an artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer of LiF and Li-Sn (LiF@Li-Sn) was fabricated by spray-coating SnF2 onto Li. The LiF@Li-Sn anode exhibited improved air stability and electrochemical performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated a charge transfer resistance of 25.2 Ω after the first cycle. In symmetric cells, it maintained a low overpotential of 27 mV after 250 cycles at 2 mA/cm2, outperforming bare Li. In situ microscopy confirmed dendrite suppression during plating. Full cells with NMC622 cathodes and LiF@Li-Sn anodes delivered 130.8 mAh/g with 79.4% retention after 300 cycles at 1 C and 98.8% coulombic efficiency. This coating effectively stabilized the interface and suppressed dendrites, with promising implications for practical lithium metal batteries.

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Citations to this article as recorded by

AlN-PVDF composite protective coating for stabilizing lithium metal anodes in lithium metal batteries
Seul Ki Choi, Yun Seung Nah, Minho Yang
Carbon Letters.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[Korean]
Development of Aluminum Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Using Machine Learning: Sungbin An, Juyeon Han, Seoyeon Jeon, Dowon Kim, Jae Bok Seol, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):202-211. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00150

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The present study introduces a machine learning approach for designing new aluminum alloys tailored for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, achieving an optimal balance between hardness and conductivity. Utilizing a comprehensive database of powder compositions, process parameters, and material properties, predictive models—including an artificial neural network and a gradient boosting regression model, were developed. Additionally, a variational autoencoder was employed to model input data distributions and generate novel process data for aluminum-based powders. The similarity between the generated data and the experimental data was evaluated using K-nearest neighbor classification and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, with accuracy and the F1-score as metrics. The results demonstrated a close alignment, with nearly 90% accuracy, in numerical metrics and data distribution patterns. This work highlights the potential of machine learning to extend beyond multi-property prediction, enabling the generation of innovative process data for material design.

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Predictive Control of Magnesium Content in Industrial 5182 Aluminum Alloy Recycling Using SCADA-Guided Gradient Boosting
Mengya Wang, Jiahui Xu, Xiaohu Wang, Farid Wirawan, Mouhamadou Aziz Diop
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.2026; 35(27): 27811. CrossRef

[English]
Ultra-Low-Temperature (4.2 K) Tensile Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Stainless Steel 304L Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Seung-Min Jeon, Young-Sang Na, Young-Kyun Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):95-103. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00066

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7 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study investigated the ultra-low-temperature (4.2 K) tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of stainless steel 304L manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The tensile properties of LPBF 304L were compared to those of conventional 304L to assess its suitability for cryogenic applications. The results revealed that LPBF 304L exhibited a significantly higher yield strength but lower ultimate tensile strength and elongation than conventional 304L at 4.2 K. The temperature dependence of the yield strength also favored LPBF 304L. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that LPBF 304L features a high density of dislocation cells and nano-inclusions, contributing to its greater strength. Furthermore, strain-induced martensitic transformation was observed as a key deformation mechanism at cryogenic temperatures, where austenite transformed into both hexagonal-closed packed (HCP) and body-centered cubic (BCC) martensite. Notably, BCC martensite nucleation occurred within a single HCP band. These findings provide critical insights into the mechanical behavior of LPBF 304L at cryogenic temperatures and its potential for applications in extreme environments.

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A strong and ductile nano/micro titanium carbide reinforced metastable austenitic steel at 4.2 K
Young-Kyun Kim, Sang Hun Shim, Young-Sang Na
Journal of Materials Science & Technology.2027; 278: 286. CrossRef
Extremely low-temperature tensile behavior of 316L stainless steel additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Haeum Park, Heechan Jung, Min Young Sung, Young-Kyun Kim, Jaimyun Jung, Yoona Lee, Namhyun Kang, Kyung Tae Kim, Young-Sang Na, Seok Su Sohn, Jeong Min Park
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 950: 149460. CrossRef
Twinning- and transformation-induced high cryogenic strength and ductility of the CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy: Experiment and MD simulation
Yuze Wu, Zhide Li, Charlie Kong, M.W. Fu, Hailiang Yu
International Journal of Plasticity.2026; 196: 104553. CrossRef
Microstructure, cryogenic tensile and fracture behavior of laser welded Co17.5Cr12.5Fe55Ni10Mo5 complex concentrated alloy
Jae Hyuk Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Hidemi Kato, Seungkyun Yim, Dongkyoung Lee, Gian Song, Jeong Hun Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Young-Kyun Kim, Young-Sang Na, Hyoung Seop Kim, Jongun Moon, Soo-Hyun Joo
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 960: 150106. CrossRef
Origin of little post-uniform elongation of 304L/310S austenitic stainless steels at extremely low temperatures
Seon-Keun Oh, Young-Kyun Kim, Young-Sang Na
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 961: 150161. CrossRef
Ultra-Low Temperature Mechanical Response of Laser Powder Bed Fusion–Processed C-Containing CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy
Jae-Yong Cheon, Seong-June Youn, Young-Sang Na, Young-Kyun Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 195. CrossRef
Understanding the unique appearance behavior of shear bands during tensile deformation of α-brass at 4.2 K
Seon-Keun Oh, Sang-Hun Shim, Young-Kyun Kim, Young-Sang Na
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2025; 945: 148989. CrossRef

[English]
Effect of the Cross-rolling Process on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 9Cr-1W ODS Steel: Bu-An Kim, Sanghoon Noh; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(1):37-42. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00332

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This study employed a cross-rolling process to fabricate oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel plates and investigated their microstructures and mechanical properties. The 9Cr-1W ODS ferritic steel was fabricated using mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing. The hot cross-rolling process produced thick ODS ferritic steel plates with a well-extended rectangular shape. The working direction greatly affected the grain structure and crystal texture of the ODS ferritic steel. Cross-rolled plates showed fine micro-grains with random crystal orientation, while unidirectionally rolled plates exhibited a strong orientation with larger, elongated grains. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a uniform distribution of nano-oxide particles in both rolling methods, with no major differences. Tensile tests of the ODS ferritic steel plates showed that the unidirectional rolled plates had anisotropic elongation, while cross-rolled plates exhibited isotropic behavior with uniform elongation. Cross-rolling produced finer, more uniform grains, reducing anisotropy and improving mechanical properties, making it ideal for manufacturing wide ODS steel components.

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Transverse Cold Rolling-Induced Microstructural Modification and Mechanical and Electrochemical Responses of UNS S32304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel
Victor Hugo Mafra Monfredo Ferreira, Arthur Ecard Guimarães, Mauricio dos Santos Azevedo, Guilherme Yuuki Koga, Ivan Napoleão Bastos, Luis Cesar Rodríguez Aliaga, Leandro de Amorim Ratamero, Francisco Gil Coury, Verona Biancardi Aguiar
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[Korean]
Effect of Milling-Time-Dependent Zirconia Contamination on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Multicomponent Nb-Si-Ti Sintered Alloys: Deokhyun Han, Seo-Yu Lee, Jin-Seo Park, Jeong-Sik Moon, Jungjoon Kim, Youngkyun Kim, Byungmin Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(4):291-298. Published online August 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00178

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Abstract PDF: Multicomponent Nb-15Si-23Ti-3Cr-2Sn-2Al-2Hf-1B-0.5Y alloy powders were synthesized by high-energy ball milling using a zirconia chamber and balls for milling times of 0.5–12 h, and the effects of milling time on powder evolution, contamination behavior, and the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed sintered specimens were systematically investigated. The dominant deformation mechanism shifted from flattening to cold welding and then to a fracture- dominated steady state with increasing milling time, and the particle size decreased sharply up to 4 h before stabilizing. Yield and composition analyses showed that zirconia contamination remained limited up to 4 h but increased sharply beyond 6 h owing to severe wear of the milling chamber and balls. Sintered specimens from powder milled for 4 h exhibited a homogeneous microstructure with finely and stably dispersed Nb5Si3 intermetallic phases and moderate hardness, whereas insufficient milling for 2 h left coarse, unreacted phases, and excessive milling for 12 h introduced substantial zirconia contamination that lowered density while raising hardness. These results indicate that a milling time in the range of 4–6 h offers a favorable balance between alloying efficiency and contamination control, with 4 h being preferred owing to its comparatively minimal zirconia contamination.

[English]
Heat-Treatment-Induced Deformation Shift in LPBF-Fabricated Heterogeneous Microstructured Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys: Jungho Choe, Ji Hun Yu, Jina Kwak; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):184-194. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00136

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Abstract PDF: This study investigated the effect of T6 heat treatment on the tensile properties and deformation behavior of heterogeneous microstructured Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. In the as-built state, pronounced microstructural heterogeneity, including non-uniform precipitate distributions and solute segregation concentrated in the coarse columnar grain (CCG) regions, promoted strain localization within the fine equiaxed grain (FEG) regions. This architectural imbalance produced a high ratio of hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) stress to overall flow stress. T6 heat treatment induced solute homogenization and more uniform precipitation across the matrix, together with grain growth that largely eliminated the distinct ultrafine equiaxed grain zones. These changes caused a clear hardness reversal between the FEG and CCG regions, shifting strain localization toward the CCG regions. Consequently, although the absolute magnitude of HDI stress increased with the higher flow stress, its relative contribution decreased because of the homogenized architecture. Despite reduced uniform elongation caused by early necking, overall tensile ductility improved substantially through suppression of premature intergranular cracking in the FEG regions, clarifying the relationship between microstructural evolution and deformation behavior.

[Korean]
Effect of Powder Preparation Method on the Microstructural Characteristics of Sintered W-7Ni-3Cu Heavy Alloy: Youngmin Kim, Ji Young Kim, Minju Son, Wonyong Kwon, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):113-118. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00038

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Abstract PDF: The effect of powder characteristics and sintering temperature on the properties of W-7Ni-3Cu is investigated. The heavy alloy powders were prepared by ball milling and hydrogen reduction of elemental metal or metal oxide powders. Microstructural analysis revealed that the powder mixtures reduced by hydrogen at 800oC consist of a trace amount of Ni4W phase along with the metal W phase and Ni-Cu solid solution. Additionally, compared to metal powder, the powder mixture using oxide as raw material exhibited a relatively fine particle size. The W-7Ni-3Cu alloys sintered using oxide powders had relative density of over 99%, whereas the specimens using metal powders as a raw material showed relatively low values of 87.8~98.2%. The Vickers hardness of the sintered specimens using oxide powder was 3.34–3.92 GPa, which was higher than that of 2.39–3.22 GPa measured when using metal powders. The observed results can be attributed to the relatively high density and the reduced grain size.

[Korean]
Study on Particle Shape Control and Characterization of SUS316L Flake Powder Fabricated by Wet Milling Process: Jae Hyeok Wi, Si Hong Ryu, Seong Eui Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):37-43. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00017

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Abstract PDF: In this study, a particle shape control process was developed to fabricate flake-like SUS316L powders about 20 µm for application in semiconductor gas filters. The Flake powder was produced through a wet milling process using a Planetary Mill by varying the rotation speed, milling time, solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dispersant conditions. The fabricated powders were then characterized to evaluate their morphological and phase transformation behaviors. In the ethanol-based Planetary Milling process, as the rotation speed increased from 300, 400, 500 rpm, the powder morphology was observed to gradually change from spherical to flake-like due to the increase in milling energy. According to the XRD, as the rotation speed increased, a phase transformation from austenite to martensite occurred due to the increase in heat generation and collisions between the powder and balls. In addition, an increase in Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) was observed, indicating a decrease in crystallinity. Under different solvent and dispersant conditions, the addition of 5 wt% PVP to the deionized water (DI Water) solvent suppressed particle fracture and produced more uniform flake-like particles compared with the DI Water process without PVP. In addition, a smaller FWHM and reduced oxygen content were observed.

[English]
A Parametric Study on the L-PBF Process of an AlSi10Mg Alloy for High-Speed Productivity of Automotive Prototype Parts: Yeonha Chang, Hyomoon Joo, Wanghyun Yong, Yeongcheol Jo, Seongjin Kim, Hanjae Kim, Yeon Woo Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):390-398. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00325

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5 Citations

Abstract PDF

The AlSi10Mg alloy has garnered significant attention for its application in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), due to its lightweight properties and good printability using L-PBF. However, the low production speed of the L-PBF process is the main bottleneck in the industrial commercialization of L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy parts. Furthermore, while L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties, the properties are often over-specified compared to the target properties of parts traditionally fabricated by casting. To accelerate production speed in L-PBF, this study investigated the effects of process parameters on the build rate and mechanical properties of the AlSi10Mg alloy. Guidelines are proposed for high-speed additive manufacturing of the AlSi10Mg alloy for use in automotive parts. The results show a significant increase in the build rate, exceeding the conventional build rate by a factor of 3.6 times or more, while the L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy met the specifications for automotive prototype parts. This strategy can be expected to offer significant cost advantages while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties of topology-optimized parts used in the automobile industry.

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Data-Driven analysis relates mechanical properties to pore morphology in laser powder bed fusion
Jaemin Wang, Seungyeon Lee, Yeon Woo Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jeong Min Park, Dierk Raabe
Acta Materialia.2026; 304: 121751. CrossRef
Role of Si-decorated cell structure in cryogenic tensile behavior of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy
Haeum Park, Jisung Yoo, Hyojin Hwang, Minsoo Jin, Yonghee Jo, Tae Jin Jang, Ji-Hun Yu, Seok Su Sohn, Jeong Min Park
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 959: 150080. CrossRef
Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Performance of Fe-6.5Si Soft Magnetic Core Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Ji Sang Yoon, Yeon Woo Kim, Gyu Hyun Park, Youk Jin Kim, Sang Heon Lee, Jeong Seok Kim, Sung Ho Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 177. CrossRef
Lightweight Design of a Connecting Rod Using Lattice-Structure Parameter Optimisation: A Test Case for L-PBF
Michele Amicarelli, Michele Trovato, Paolo Cicconi
Machines.2025; 13(3): 171. CrossRef
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 244. CrossRef

[English]
Recovery of Barium, Nickel, and Titanium Powders from Waste MLCC: Haein Shin, Kun-Jae Lee; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):374-381. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00192

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Abstract PDF

The development of the electronics industry has led to an increased demand for the manufacture of MLCC (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors), which in turn is expected to result in a rise in MLCC waste. The MLCC contains various metals, notably barium, titanium, and nickel, whose disposal is anticipated to increase correspondingly. Recently, recycling technologies for electronic waste have garnered attention as they address waste management and raw material supply challenges. This paper investigates the recovery of barium, nickel, and titanium from the MLCC by a hydrometallurgical process. Using citric acid, which is an organic acid, the metal inside the MLCC was leached. Additionally, metal materials were recovered through precipitation and complexing processes. As a result, barium and titanium were recovered from the leachate of the waste MLCC, and 93% of the nickel-based powder was recovered. Furthermore, the optimal recovery process conditions for recycling these metal elements were investigated.

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Heavy metals incorporated-alkali-activated waste glass binder and foamed glass: phase composition, physicomechanical performance, and reaction mechanism
Esraa K. Fayed, Fouad I. El-Hosiny, Hussein Al-kroom, Alaa A. Saleh, Ghada Bassioni, Mohammed Abd Elrahman, Hamdy A. Abdel-Gawwad
Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[English]
Exploring Thermoelectric Transport Properties and Band Parameters of n-Type Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃ Compounds Using the Single Parabolic Band Model: Linh Ba Vu, Soo-ho Jung, Jinhee Bae, Jong Min Park, Kyung Tae Kim, Injoon Son, Seungki Jo; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):119-125. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00045

5,068 View
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9 Citations

Abstract PDF

The n-type Bi2-xSbxTe3 compounds have been of great interest due to its potential to achieve a high thermoelectric performance, comparable to that of p-type Bi2-xSbxTe3. However, a comprehensive understanding on the thermoelectric properties remains lacking. Here, we investigate the thermoelectric transport properties and band characteristics of n-type Bi2-xSbxTe3 (x = 0.1 – 1.1) based on experimental and theoretical considerations. We find that the higher power factor at lower Sb content results from the optimized balance between the density of state effective mass and nondegenerate mobility. Additionally, a higher carrier concentration at lower x suppresses bipolar conduction, thereby reducing thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. Consequently, the highest zT of ~ 0.5 is observed at 450 K for x = 0.1 and, according to the single parabolic band model, it could be further improved by ~70 % through carrier concentration tuning.

Citations

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Compensation of increased carrier concentration and thermal conductivity in enhancing thermoelectric efficiency in Sn-doped Sb-In-Te alloys
Yunjae Kim, Seungwoo Ha, Gyujin Chang, Gwan Hyeong Lee, Jaewoo Park, Chanwoo Ju, Se Yun Kim, TaeWan Kim, Sang-il Kim
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society.2026; 63(5): 889. CrossRef
Role of Samarium as a composite in modifying the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Bi1.5Sb0.5Te3 alloy
G. Poojitha, Pratheeksha N. Poojary, U. Deepika Shanubhogue, P. Poornesh, Ashok Rao, Y. K. Kuo, Dhanya Sunil, Bikash Sharma
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A Powder-Metallurgical Route to Ag2(Te,S) Compounds and Their Thermoelectric Properties
Seungki Jo, Yoojeong Ji, Linh Ba Vu, Kyung Tae Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 214. CrossRef
Fabrication of Multilayer Core-Shell Structure for High Power Factor in Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Thermoelectrics
Su Min Eun, Jin Kyeong Shin, Se Been Jeong, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh, Byung Joon Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(4): 299. CrossRef
Review of “Integrated Computer-Aided Process Engineering Session in the 17th International Symposium on Novel and Nano Materials (ISNNM, 14–18 November 2022)”
Yeon-Joo Lee, Pil-Ryung Cha, Hyoung-Seop Kim, Hyun-Joo Choi
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2025; 66(1): 144. CrossRef
Enhanced energy harvesting performance of bendable thermoelectric generator enabled by trapezoidal-shaped legs
Momanyi Amos Okirigiti, Cheol Min Kim, Hyejeong Choi, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Changyeon Baek, Min-Ku Lee, Gyoung-Ja Lee, Kwi-Il Park
Journal of Power Sources.2025; 631: 236254. CrossRef
Flexible hybrid thermoelectric films made of bismuth telluride-PEDOT:PSS composites enabled by freezing-thawing process and simple chemical treatment
Cheol Min Kim, Seoha Kim, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Bitna Bae, Momanyi Amos Okirigiti, Gwang Hyun Kim, Hyeon Jun Park, Haksu Jang, Changyeon Baek, Min-Ku Lee, Gyoung-Ja Lee, Kwi-Il Park
Materials Today Chemistry.2025; 44: 102532. CrossRef
Enhanced Electrical Properties of 3D Printed Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectric Materials via Hot Isostatic Pressing
Seungki Jo
Ceramist.2025; 28(1): 126. CrossRef
Hot isostatic pressing-driven fine-tuning of electrical properties in p- and n-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 thermoelectric materials
Seungki Jo, Jeong Min Park, Linh Ba Vu, Haeum Park, Soo Ho Jung, Jinhee Bae, Jong Min Park, Jungho Choe, Kyung Tae Kim
Ceramics International.2025; 51(26): 51107. CrossRef

Review Paper

[English]
Research Trends in Electromagnetic Shielding using MXene-based Composite Materials: Siyeon Kim, Jongmin Byun; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):57-76. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.57

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7 Citations

Abstract PDF

Recent advancements in electronic devices and wireless communication technologies, particularly the rise of 5G, have raised concerns about the escalating electromagnetic pollution and its potential adverse impacts on human health and electronics. As a result, the demand for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has grown significantly. Traditional materials face limitations in providing optimal solutions owing to inadequacy and low performance due to small thickness. MXene-based composite materials have emerged as promising candidates in this context owing to their exceptional electrical properties, high conductivity, and superior EMI shielding efficiency across a broad frequency range. This review examines the recent developments and advantages of MXene-based composite materials in EMI shielding applications, emphasizing their potential to address the challenges posed by electromagnetic pollution and to foster advancements in modern electronics systems and vital technologies.

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Recent Advances in EMI-Shielding Aerogels: Mechanisms, Materials, and Scalable Fabrication Methods
Sonali Thangavel, Thirumalaisamy Suryaprabha, Danhui Ren, Jun Young Cheong, Sooman Lim, Byungil Hwang
Journal of Natural Fibers.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging role of MXene-based nanofluids in energy conversion and thermal management: Future perspectives
Kumaran Kadirgama
Chemical Engineering Research and Design.2026; 230: 1149. CrossRef
Carbon/Inorganic Hybrid Multifunctional Composites: Interface Engineering, Coupled Functions and Application-Ready Design
Stefano Bellucci
Inorganics.2026; 14(6): 160. CrossRef
Designing dual phase hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) – Perovskite (La0.5Nd0.5FeO3) composites for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption and band gap modulation
Pramod D. Mhase, Varsha C. Pujari, Santosh S. Jadhav, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Sarah Alsobaie, Sunil M. Patange
Composites Communications.2025; 54: 102284. CrossRef
Microstructure tailoring of Nb-based MAX phase by low temperature synthesis with layer-structured Nb2C powder and molten salt method
Chaehyun Lim, Wonjune Choi, Jongmin Byun
Materials Characterization.2025; 225: 115106. CrossRef
Fabrication of MOF@MXene composites via surface modification of MXene under acidic conditions
Ji-Haeng Jeong, Woong-Ryeol Yu
Functional Composites and Structures.2025; 7(2): 025006. CrossRef
V2CTx MXene@ZIF-8 composite as an efficient adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution
Sarina Khojasteh Fard, Golshan Mazloom, Manoochehr Sobhani, Mohsen Tamtaji
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.2025; 13(6): 120099. CrossRef

Research Article

[English]
Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Nanoscale Carbon Nanotubes and Silicon Carbide: Kanhu Charan Nayak, Jiwon Lee, Kon-Bae Lee, Ke Jiang, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(4):267-280. Published online August 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00164

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Abstract PDF: Lightweight aluminum (Al) matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanoscale silicon carbide (SiC) were fabricated using high-energy attrition milling, nitridation-induced self-forming consolidation (NISFAC), and hot pressing to improve mechanical performance through CNT/SiC hybrid reinforcement. Attrition milling refined the composite powders and promoted the incorporation of CNTs and SiC particles into the Al matrix, whereas NISFAC and hot pressing enabled near-full densification and effective interparticle bonding. Among the investigated compositions, Al/5CNT/3SiC showed the best mechanical performance, with a hardness of 197 HV, compressive yield strength of 432 MPa, compressive strength of 756 MPa, and Young’s modulus of 110 GPa. These improvements are attributed to the combined effects of load transfer, thermal-mismatch-induced dislocation strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and grain-boundary strengthening. Compared with values reported in the literature, the present composites showed competitive mechanical properties despite their relatively low reinforcement content. These findings indicate that CNT/SiC hybrid reinforcement combined with NISFAC and hot pressing is an effective route for producing dense, high-strength Al matrix composites.

Critical Review

[English]
X-Ray Imaging of Solid-State Sintering and Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Process Monitoring and Defect Evolution: Wonjun Cho, Woobin Cho, Seongheon Park, Donghwan Son, Insung Han; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):145-158. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00479

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Abstract PDF: X-ray imaging has become essential for understanding powder-based metal processing. In solid-state sintering, synchrotron tomography reveals particle rearrangement, neck growth, and pore evolution, clarifying how packing heterogeneity and particle-size distribution govern densification. In laser powder bed fusion, high-speed radiography captures microsecond-scale melt-pool behavior, including keyhole dynamics, vapor-jet entrainment, spatter formation, and bubble-mediated porosity, thereby enabling mechanistic links between processing conditions and defect generation. Nonetheless, current X-ray methods face trade-offs between spatial and temporal resolution and often remain qualitative. Integrating operando imaging with physics-based simulations and machine-learning models offers a path toward quantitative prediction and real-time control. This review summarizes recent progress and highlights key challenges and opportunities for advancing operando characterization of powder-based metal processes.

Research Articles

[English]
Microstruture and Mechanical Properties of Ti.Grade12-Ti/TiN/WC Composite Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering Process: Hyun-Su Kim, Su-Gwan Lee, Dinh Van Cong, Jun-Seo Park, Ha-Seung Ryu, Jin-Chun Kim, Seung-Ick Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):1-12. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00486

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Abstract PDF: Ti.Grade12 is widely used in chemical processing, power generation, and nuclear industries because of its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, enhanced by alloying elements such as Ni and Mo. Ceramic reinforcements such as TiN have been reported to significantly improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of titanium-based materials. Furthermore, nano-sized WC particles can suppress excessive intermetallic compound formation and stabilize the Ti matrix through grain boundary pinning and microstructural control mechanisms. However, strong interfacial bonding between Ti and ceramic reinforcements generally requires high temperatures and prolonged sintering times, which may induce undesirable secondary phase formation. Therefore, optimizing the mixing ratio of Ti, TiN, and WC is essential to achieve a homogeneous interface and a stable composite structure. In this study, a composite layered structure was fabricated on a Ti.Grade12 substrate using mixed Ti, TiN, and nano-sized WC powders via Spark Plasma Sintering. A composition of 60 wt% Ti, 35 wt% TiN, and 5 wt% WC formed a stable coating layer without secondary phases and achieved a micro vickers hardness of approximately 2400 Hv.

[English]
A Self-Powered Cationic Microfiber-Based Triboelectric Air Filter for High-Speed Particulate Matter Removal and Smart Monitoring: Tae-hyung Kim, Jin-Kyeom Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):481-491. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00465

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Particulate matter (PM) pollution demands air filters that combine high efficiency with low pressure drop. Here, we report a self-powered electrostatic filter based on an electrospun cationic microfiber web of Chimassorb 944 (C-fiber). The C-fiber functions as a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), generating a surface charge density of 85.8 85.8 μC/m2 when paired with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which creates a strong electrostatic field for capturing sub-micron particles, including the most penetrating particle size (MPPS). As a result, the triboelectrically charged C-fiber filter maintains >80% filtration efficiency at a high wind speed of 60 cm/s, far exceeding uncharged mechanical filters (<20%) while retaining low air resistance. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) visualizes the surface-potential change after particle capture, and the gradual decay of TENG output provides a built-in indicator of dust loading. This strategy offers a promising platform for next-generation smart air purification systems.

Citations

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Self-powered triboelectric electrospun air filters as functional fibrous materials: Experiment-supported modeling of dielectrophoretic capture and scale-up
Tae-hyung Kim, Sangyul Baik, Doojoon Jang, Jin-Kyeom Kim
Materials Today Communications.2026; 56: 115941. CrossRef

[English]
Morphological Control and Surface Modification Characteristics of Nickel Oxalate Synthesized via Oxalic Acid Precipitation: Eunbi Park, Jongwon Bae, Sera Kang, Minsu Kang, Suseong Lee, Kun-Jae Lee; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(5):375-382. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00248

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Abstract PDF: Nickel is widely used in industrial fields such as electrocatalysis and energy storage devices. Although micron-sized nickel particles exhibit excellent mechanical durability, their low specific surface area limits their reactivity. We modified the surface of micron-sized nickel particles with nanostructured nickel oxalate and investigated the effects of the solvent dielectric constant, surfactant, and thermal treatment atmosphere on the resulting particle morphology and phase transformation. Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed that changes in the solvent dielectric constant led to increased or diminished crystallinity of specific planes in nickel oxalate, resulting in diffraction patterns distinct from standard JCPDS data. These structural changes were also found to influence the morphology of the synthesized nickel oxalate. The results demonstrate that nickel oxalate serves as an effective precursor for producing Ni and NiO phases, and shape control of the final product can increase the surface reactivity of micron-sized nickel materials.

[English]
Phase Formation Behavior and Piezocatalytic Properties of Sodium Bismuth Titanate-Based Perovskite Fine Powders Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis: Hee Yeon Jeon, Jae Min Park, Ju Eun You, Young-In Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):239-248. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00129

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Abstract PDF: Sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, NBT) is a representative lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, promising candidate for piezocatalytic applications driven by mechanical vibration. In this study, NBT-based perovskite fine powders were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP), a continuous aerosol process based on droplet-level reaction control. The effect of pyrolysis temperature, varied from 700oC to 950oC, on phase formation and particle morphology was investigated. At lower temperatures, Bi-based secondary phases predominated, whereas the perovskite phase gradually developed with increasing temperature. The powder synthesized at 950oC exhibited a well-defined perovskite crystal structure with improved crystallinity. FE-SEM analysis showed that the powders consisted of spherical particles with an average size of approximately 750 nm, without severe interparticle agglomeration. EDS analysis confirmed a relatively homogeneous distribution of Na, Bi, Ti, and O, with Na-rich composition, consistent with Na-rich precursor condition. Piezoresponse force microscope (PFM) measurements verified the ferroelectric and piezoelectric responses of the powder synthesized at 950oC. In Rhodamine B degradation tests under probe-type ultrasonication, adding the NBT-based powder increased the reaction rate constant from 7.96×10-3 to 1.16×10-2 min-1. These results suggest that USP is a feasible continuous process for preparing NBT-based perovskite fine powders for lead-free piezocatalytic applications.

[English]
Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Al–Mg Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films: Jong-Mu Kim, Jun-Seo Park, Jun-Ha Lee, Min-Woo Kim, Jung-Woo Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):44-50. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00031

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Abstract PDF: Al–Mg co-doped ZnO thin films were fabricated by a sol–gel spin-coating process to investigate the effect of dopant ratio on their structural, electrical, and optical properties. The total dopant concentration was fixed at 3 mol%, while the Al-to-Mg ratio was systematically varied in AlₓMg₀.₀₃₋ₓZn₀.₉₇O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the films maintained a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred (002) orientation up to an Al concentration of 1.5 mol%, whereas higher Al contents resulted in a degradation of crystallinity due to exceeding the solid solubility limit of Al in the ZnO lattice. Hall effect measurements revealed a decrease in carrier mobility with increasing Al content, attributed to enhanced ionized impurity scattering, while the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity reached optimal values at an Al–Mg co-doping ratio of 1.5 mol%–1.5 mol%. All films exhibited high optical transmittance in the visible region, with the highest average transmittance of approximately 83% observed at the same composition. These results demonstrate that controlling the Al/Mg dopant ratio is crucial for optimizing the performance of ZnO-based transparent conducting oxide thin films.

[English]
The Optimization of L-PBF Process for Economical & High Performance Using SiO₂ Nanoparticle-Coated Non-Spherical Ti Powder: Taehu Kang, Ukju Gim, Sehun Kim, Jongik Lee, Sanghee Jeong, Jimin Han, Bin Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):22-36. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00024

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Abstract PDF: In laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), a metal powder–based additive manufacturing process, pure titanium powders rely on expensive gas-atomized spherical powders, which poses a significant limitation of material cost. In contrast, non-spherical titanium powders are more cost-effective but their application in L-PBF is restricted their use due to poor flow property and high oxygen content. In this study, a powder mixing strategy with spherical titanium and hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticle is proposed to improve the flowability and process stability of non-spherical Ti powders. After evaluating flow properties at various mixing ratios, a spherical-to-non-spherical Ti ratio of 4:6 was selected, with SiO2 nanoparticles added during mixing. The uniform distribution of oxide nanoparticles on the powder surfaces was confirmed by SEM and EDS. A maximum relative density of 99.7% was shown by specimens made with L-PBF under various processing parameters. The specimens obtained a tensile strength of 762.6 ± 3.8 MPa and an elongation of 22.1 ± 0.7% at a volumetric energy density of 71.4 J/mm³. This study demonstrates the application of low-cost non-spherical Ti powders in L-PBF is feasible and presents an effective way to simultaneously increase process stability and economic efficiency in titanium additive manufacturing.

[Korean]
Comparison of the Properties of Rare-Earth Zirconate Thermal Barrier Coatings for Hydrogen-Fueled Gas Turbines: Gun-Woong Lee, Min-Soo Nam, Min-Ji Kim, HyunSuk Jung, Seongwon Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):472-480. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00423

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Abstract PDF: Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for hydrogen-fueled gas turbines withstand higher combustion temperatures and increased steam concentrations compared to conventional natural-gas systems. These harsh operating conditions significantly accelerate the thermal degradation of widely used YSZ coatings, emphasizing the need for alternative top-coat materials with improved phase stability and reduced thermal conductivity. In this study, rare-earth zirconate ceramics, Gd2Zr2O7 (GdZO), Tm2Zr2O7 (TmZO), and a mixed composition (Gd0.5Tm0.5)2Zr2O7 (Gd/TmZO), are synthesized and investigated as potential next-generation TBC candidates. Each material was comparatively examined with a focus on crystal structure, thermophysical properties, and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, high-temperature steam exposure experiments were performed to simulate hydrogen combustion environments. Microstructural analyses, high-temperature degradation behavior, and phase stability evaluations were carried out to obtain fundamental experimental data. This study provides essential baseline information for the design and development of high-performance TBC materials suitable for the hydrogen-fueled gas turbine systems.

[Korean]
Optimization of Mechanical Properties in WC–Mo₂C–Co Cemented Carbides via Dual Hard-Phase Based Heterogeneous Microstructure Design: Jinwoo Seok, Jong Tae Kim, Juree Jung, SongYi Kim, Bin Lee, Junhee Han, Leeseung Kang; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(5):428-436. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00297

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

WC–Mo₂C–Co cemented carbides were fabricated to investigate the effects of Mo₂C addition on microstructure and mechanical properties. Dual hard-phase design using WC and Mo₂C was employed to optimize the balance between hardness and toughness. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was conducted at various temperatures after ball milling, and 1300 °C for 5 min was identified as the optimized sintering condition, achieving complete densification and phase stability. The addition of Mo₂C refined the microstructure by suppressing abnormal WC grain growth through preferential dissolution of Mo₂C into the Co binder. Hardness increased up to 1769 Hv30 due to grain refinement and solid-solution strengthening, while promoted η-phase formation and reduced fracture toughness.The 27Mo₂C composition exhibited the most balanced combination of hardness and toughness. These results demonstrate that controlled Mo₂C addition enables dual hard-phase strengthening and microstructure optimization in WC–Mo₂C–Co carbides for advanced cutting and forming applications.

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Effect of Bimodal WC Particle Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of WC–Mo2C–Co Cemented Carbides
Jinwoo Seok, Jong Tae Kim, Juree Jung, Bin Lee, Junhee Han, Leeseung Kang
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(1): 13. CrossRef

[English]
Laser Processing of an Al_0.1CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloy + Cu Composite Powders via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Kwangtae Son, Ji-Woon Lee, Soon-Jik Hong, Somayeh Pasebani; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(4):277-287. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00101

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Abstract PDF

This study examined process–structure relationships in laser powder bed fusion of Al₀.₁CoCrFeNi + Cu composites, focusing on densification, elemental distribution, and solidification cracking. Mechanically mixed Al₀.₁CoCrFeNi and Cu powders were processed across a range of laser powers (100–250 W) and scan speeds (200–800 mm/s). Increased volumetric energy density (VED) improved densification, with a plateau near 200 J/mm³ yielding ~96% relative density; however, this value was still below application-grade thresholds. At low VED, insufficient thermal input and short melt pool residence times promoted Cu segregation, while higher VED facilitated improved elemental mixing. Elemental mapping showed partial co-segregation of Ni with Cu at low energies. Solidification cracks were observed across all processing conditions. In high VED regimes, cracking exhibited a minimal correlation with segregation behavior and was primarily attributed to steep thermal gradients, solidification shrinkage, and residual stress accumulation. In contrast, at low VED, pronounced Cu segregation appeared to exacerbate cracking through localized thermal and mechanical mismatch.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

In-situ process monitoring and control of laser directed energy deposition using thermal imaging and computer vision
Saegis Abbott, Kassandra Hernandez, Ryan Bertelsen, Omid Hatami Farzaneh, Adam Bischoff, Doug Dingus, Dong Lin, Jesse Rodriguez, Devin J. Roach
Journal of Materials Research and Technology.2026; 42: 10851. CrossRef

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