Journal of Powder Materials

Most-download articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last three month.

Critical Review

[English]
A Review of Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Challenges and Progress: Seul Ki Choi, Jaehun Han, Gi Jeong Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Jaewon Choi, MinHo Yang; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(4):293-301. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00206

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All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are receiving attention as a prospective next-generation secondary battery technology that can reduce the risk of commercial lithium-ion batteries by replacing flammable organic liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes. The practical application of ASSLBs requires developing robust solid electrolytes that possess ionic conductivity at room temperature on a par with that of organic liquids. These solid electrolytes must also be thermally and chemically stable, as well as compatible with electrode materials. Inorganic solid electrolytes, including oxide and sulfide-based compounds, are being studied as promising future candidates for ASSLBs due to their higher ionic conductivity and thermal stability than polymer electrolytes. Here, we present the challenges currently facing the development of oxide and sulfide-based solid electrolytes, as well as the research efforts underway aiming to resolve these challenges.

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Data-driven prediction of ionic conductivity in solid-state electrolytes with machine learning and large language models
Haewon Kim, Taekgi Lee, Seongeun Hong, Kyeong-Ho Kim, Yongchul G. Chung
The Journal of Chemical Physics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes Membrane Technologies for Innovative Lithium Separation
Dongju Seo, Shik Rou Kong, Yeelin Jung, Jiwoo Lee, Ah-Hyung Alissa Park, Aaron J. Moment, Youngjune Park
ACS ES&T Engineering.2026; 6(5): 1444. CrossRef
Mechanistic Insights into Li+ Transport Enabled by Isolated Sulfur Species in Li3PS4 Glasses
Jakub Pawelko, Xavier Rocquefelte, Auguste Tetenoire, David Le Coq, Laurent Calvez, Eric Furet
ACS Materials Letters.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Ta5+ on structure and performance of Li0.32Fe0.01La0.56Ti0.94Sb0.06O3 solid electrolyte
Zizheng Zhang, Binxuan Jiang, Yueming Li, Kai Li, Zhenhua Chen, Emmanuel Kwame Yadzo
Journal of Power Sources.2026; 682: 240383. CrossRef
W/Se/Sn ternary Co-doping in Na2.8+zW0.2SnzSb0.8-zS3.2Se0.8 sulfide electrolytes: Toward simultaneously enhanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability for clean-energy-driven sustainable sodium-ion batteries
Mingchao Huo, Tao Huan, Yifan Gu, Yufeng Wu, Qing Jiao
Solid State Ionics.2026; 442: 117234. CrossRef
A facile synthesis of bulk LiPON in solution for solid-state electrolytes
Osma J. Gomez, Adam Antar, Alex T. Hall, Leopoldo Tapia-Aracayo, Joshua Seo, Nam Kim, Zihan Sun, Ryan Lim, Fu Chen, Yue Li, John Cumings, Gary Rubloff, Sang Bok Lee, David Stewart, Yang Wang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A.2025; 13(34): 28368. CrossRef
Uniform lithium deposition using Cu teepee structures for anode-free lithium metal batteries
Seo Yun Jung, Jaehun Han, Seul Ki Choi, Se Youn Cho, Jong Ho Won, Jaewon Choi, Minho Yang
Chemical Engineering Journal.2025; 522: 167302. CrossRef
Garnet-type LLZO electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: Interfaces, conductivity, in-situ processing, and industrial prospects
Kaleab Habtamu Ayalew, Nithyadharseni Palaniyandy, Mkhulu K. Mathe, Phumlani F. Msomi
Chemical Engineering Journal.2025; 524: 168098. CrossRef

Research Article

[English]
Self-Assembled Monolayers in Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition and Their Challenges: Si Eun Jung, Ji Woong Shin, Ye Jin Han, Byung Joon Choi; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):179-190. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00094

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Abstract PDF

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is a bottom-up process that selectively deposits thin films onto specific areas of a wafer surface. The surface reactions of AS-ALD are controlled by blocking the adsorption of precursors using inhibitors such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) or small molecule inhibitors. To increase selectivity during the AS-ALD process, the design of both the inhibitor and the precursor is crucial. Both inhibitors and precursors vary in reactivity and size, and surface reactions are blocked through interactions between precursor molecules and surface functional groups. However, challenges in the conventional SAM-based AS-ALD method include thermal instability and potential damage to substrates during the removal of residual SAMs after the process. To address these issues, recent studies have proposed alternative inhibitors and process design strategies.

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Temperature-Dependent Surface Structural Change in Self-Assembled Monolayers Studied with Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation and QM/MD Simulation
Hojeong Yoon, Saima Sadiq, Junhyeok Park, Kyungwon Kwak, Minhaeng Cho
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters.2026; 17(4): 1119. CrossRef
Vertically Aligned Micro‐ and Nanoneedles for Advanced Biomedical Applications: From Fabrication Strategies to Clinical Translation
Yerim Jang, Sowon Lee, Younghak Cho, Hyejeong Seong
Small Structures.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphology dependent optical properties of inorganic–organic hybrid ZnO thin films
Saleem G. Rao, Muhammad B. Haider, Omar A. Saleh
The European Physical Journal Applied Physics.2026; 101: 5. CrossRef
Backbone‐Length‐Optimized Inhibitors Deliver Long‐Retention Selectivity in Area‐Selective ALD of VO2
Hae Lin Yang, Eun Chong Cho, Minchan Kim, Hye In Park, Ga‐young Lee, Seunghwan Lee, Beomseok Kim, Changhwa Jung, Youngkwon Kim, Jin‐Seong Park
Advanced Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Critical Reviews

[English]
Epsilon Iron Oxide (ε-Fe₂O₃) as an Electromagnetic Functional Material: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications: Ji Hyeong Jeong, Hwan Hee Kim, Jung-Goo Lee, Youn-Kyoung Baek; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):465-479. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00290

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Abstract PDF

Iron oxide (ε-Fe₂O₃) is emerging as a promising electromagnetic material due to its unique magnetic and electronic properties. This review focuses on the intrinsic properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, particularly its high coercivity, comparable to that of rare-earth magnets, which is attributed to its significant magnetic anisotropy. These properties render it highly suitable for applications in millimeter wave absorption and high-density magnetic storage media. Furthermore, its semiconducting behavior offers potential applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The review also explores various synthesis methods for fabricating ε-Fe₂O₃ as nanoparticles or thin films, emphasizing the optimization of purity and stability. By exploring and harnessing the properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of next-generation electromagnetic materials with potential applications in 6G wireless telecommunications, spintronics, high-density data storage, and energy technologies.

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A Comprehensive Review of GPR Data Analysis for Bridge Deck Evaluation: From Conventional Methods to Emerging Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Babak Enami Alamdari, Yu Tang, Danilo Erricolo, Lesley H. Sneed
Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Chemical Pressure Induced Strain Control of Magnetic Anisotropy in the Simple Perovskite ϵ-Fe2O3
Subir Roy, Gurleen K. Uppal, Alberto Acosta, Rachel Nickel, Charles A. Roberts, Johan van Lierop
Nano Letters.2026; 26(1): 34. CrossRef
Superparamagnetism of Baked Clays Containing Polymorphs of Iron Oxides: Experimental Study and Theoretical Modeling
Petr Kharitonskii, Andrei Krasilin, Nadezhda Belskaya, Svetlana Yanson, Nikita Bobrov, Andrey Ralin, Kamil Gareev, Nikita Zolotov, Dmitry Zaytsev, Elena Sergienko
Magnetochemistry.2025; 11(12): 103. CrossRef

[English]
Recent Advances in Thermoelectric Materials and Devices: Improving Power Generation Performance: Momanyi Amos Okirigiti, Cheol Min Kim, Hyejeong Choi, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Kwi-Il Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(1):1-15. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00395

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Thermoelectric materials have been the focus of extensive research interest in recent years due to their potential in clean power generation from waste heat. Their conversion efficiency is primarily reflected by the dimensionless figure of merit, with higher values indicating better performance. There is a pressing need to discover materials that increase output power and improve performance, from the material level to device fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements, such as Bi2Te3-based nanostructures that reduce thermal conductivity while maintaining electrical conductivity, GeTe-based high entropy alloys that utilize multiple elements for improved thermoelectric properties, porous metal-organic frameworks offering tunable structures, and organic/hybrid films that present low-cost, flexible solutions. Innovations in thermoelectric generator designs, such as asymmetrical geometries, segmented modules, and flexible devices, have further contributed to increased efficiency and output power. Together, these developments are paving the way for more effective thermoelectric technologies in sustainable energy generation.

Citations

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State-of-the-art research in conducting polymer thermoelectric composites: Design strategies, doping innovations, and emerging technologies
Vilakshana Acharya, Shivani Verma, Seema Gupta, Gaurav Pandey, Aanchal Sethi, Pooja Rawat
Journal of Applied Physics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mathematical and simulation modeling of photovoltaic systems utilizing thermoelectric modules for effective thermal management
Muhammad Sohaib Tahir, Xue Dong, Muhammad Mansoor Khan
Results in Engineering.2025; 27: 106344. CrossRef
Summary of Publications in the Special Issue: Advances in Corrosion Resistant Coatings
Yong X. Gan
Coatings.2025; 15(11): 1350. CrossRef
Standard Reference Thermoelectric Modules Based on Metallic Combinations and Geometric Design
EunA Koo, Hanhwi Jang, SuDong Park, Sang Hyun Park, Sae-byul Kang
Applied Sciences.2025; 15(18): 10273. CrossRef
Research Trends in Magneto-Mechano-Electric (MME) Energy Harvesting Devices
So Ie Jeong, Geon-Tae Hwang
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(6): 529. CrossRef
Transient In-Situ Identification of Thermal Parameters in Commercial Thermoelectric Modules using Transfer-Function Models
Gurum Ahmad Pauzi, Irfan Alfiansyah, Agus Riyanto, Donni Kis Apriyanto, Yanti Yulianti, Warsito Warsito
Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni.2025; 14(2): 187. CrossRef

[English]
Comparative Review of the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated via Wrought and Powder Metallurgy Processes: Raj Narayan Hajra, Gargi Roy, An Seong Min, Hyunseok Lee, Jeoung Han Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):365-373. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00213

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

This review examines the microstructural and mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by wrought processing and powder metallurgy (PM), specifically laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and hot isostatic pressing. Wrought methods, such as forging and rolling, create equiaxed alpha (α) and beta (β) grain structures with balanced properties, which are ideal for fatigue resistance. In contrast, PM methods, particularly LPBF, often yield a martensitic α′ structure with high microhardness, enabling complex geometries but requiring post-processing to improve its properties and reduce stress. The study evaluated the effects of processing parameters on grain size, phase distribution, and material characteristics, guiding the choice of fabrication techniques for optimizing Ti-6Al-4V performance in aerospace, biomedical, and automotive applications. The analysis emphasizes tailored processing to meet advanced engineering demands.

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Citations to this article as recorded by

Fabrication-induced microstructural heterogeneity as the origin of fatigue failure in Ti-6Al-4 V ELI
André Luiz Vidilli, Elielson Alves dos Santos, Brenda Juliet Martins Freitas, Thiago Roberto Felisardo Cavalcante, Arthur de Bribean Guerra, Guilherme Yuuki Koga, Claudemiro Bolfarini
Engineering Failure Analysis.2026; 193: 110941. CrossRef
Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Titanium Turning Scrap via Alkali and Acid Two-Step Cleaning
Seong Min An, Raj Narayan Hajra, Chan Hee Park, Jin-Ho Yoon, Jinsung Rho, Chang-Min Yoon, Jeoung Han Kim
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2025; 66(7): 855. CrossRef
Effect of oxygen content in feedstock powders on microstructure and mechanical properties of ELI Ti-6Al-4V fabricated via laser powder bed fusion
Woo Hyeok Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Raj Narayan Hajra, Gargi Roy, Jeoung Han Kim
Powder Metallurgy.2025; 68(4): 307. CrossRef

[English]
A Review of Recent Developments in CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys Processed by Powder Metallurgy: Cheenepalli Nagarjuna, Sheetal Kumar Dewangan, Hansung Lee, Eunhyo Song, K. Raja Rao, Byungmin Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):145-164. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00430

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

In recent years, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted considerable attention in materials engineering due to their unique phase stability and mechanical properties compared to conventional alloys. Since the inception of HEAs, CoCrFeMnNi alloys have been widely investigated due to their outstanding strength and fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. However, their lower yield strength at room temperature limits their structural applications. The mechanical properties of HEAs are greatly influenced by their processing methods and microstructural features. Unlike traditional melting techniques, powder metallurgy (PM) provides a unique opportunity to produce HEAs with nanocrystalline structures and uniform compositions. The current review explores recent advances in optimizing the microstructural characteristics in CoCrFeMnNi HEAs by using PM techniques to improve mechanical performance. The most promising strategies include grain refinement, dispersion strengthening, and the development of heterogeneous microstructures (e.g., harmonic, bimodal, and multi-metal lamellar structures). Thermomechanical treatments along with additive manufacturing techniques are also summarized. Additionally, the review addresses current challenges and suggests future research directions for designing advanced HEAs through PM techniques.

Citations

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Effect of annealing temperature on thermal expansion and cryogenic mechanical properties of low-thermal-expansion Co22.2Cr6.2Fe48.8Ni17.8Cu5.0 medium-entropy alloy
Wooyoung Lee, Munsu Choi, Sungwook Kim, Dae-Kyeom Kim, Myungsuk Song, Taek-Soo Kim, Jungwan Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim, Hyunjoo Choi, Soo-Hyun Joo
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 954: 149811. CrossRef
Structural and mechanical characteristics of high-entropy CoCrFeMnNi alloys manufactured by vacuum induction melting
V. K. Drobyshev, I. A. Panchenko, S. V. Konovalov, E. M. Zapolskaya
Russian Physics Journal.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Sustainable powder metallurgy route to Densify oxide-derived CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy
Taehyeob Im, Minjong Kim, Gertrude Mugwe Mongella, Nelson Bayi, Caroline Sunyong Lee
Materials Today Sustainability.2026; 34: 101330. CrossRef
Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification of 3D Interconnected Heterostructured Complex Concentrated Alloys Produced by Liquid Metal Dealloying: Microstructural Evolution and Wear Behavior
Jumi Choi, Yeji Kim, Munsu Choi, Jae Hyuk Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Auezhan Amanov, Soo-Hyun Joo, Hyoung Seop Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(2): 91. CrossRef
Fabrication, application, and phase formation rules in high-entropy alloys
Milad Sakkaki, Vahid Pouyafar, Ramin Meshkabadi, Mehdi Shahedi Asl
Journal of Materials Science.2026; 61(27): 19161. CrossRef
Thermodynamic and Electronic Descriptor-Driven Machine Learning for Phase Prediction in High-Entropy Alloys: Experimental Validation
Nguyen Lam Khoa, Nguyen Duy Khanh, Hoang Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Oanh, Le Hong Thang, Nguyen Hoa Khiem, Nguyen Hoang Viet
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 191. CrossRef

Research Articles

[English]
Data-driven Approach to Explore the Contribution of Process Parameters for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Jeong Min Park, Jaimyun Jung, Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Yeon Woo Kim, Ji-Hun Yu; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):137-145. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00038

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7 Citations

Abstract PDF

In order to predict the process window of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for printing metallic components, the calculation of volumetric energy density (VED) has been widely calculated for controlling process parameters. However, because it is assumed that the process parameters contribute equally to heat input, the VED still has limitation for predicting the process window of LPBF-processed materials. In this study, an explainable machine learning (xML) approach was adopted to predict and understand the contribution of each process parameter to defect evolution in Ti alloys in the LPBF process. Various ML models were trained, and the Shapley additive explanation method was adopted to quantify the importance of each process parameter. This study can offer effective guidelines for fine-tuning process parameters to fabricate high-quality products using LPBF.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Data-Driven analysis relates mechanical properties to pore morphology in laser powder bed fusion
Jaemin Wang, Seungyeon Lee, Yeon Woo Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jeong Min Park, Dierk Raabe
Acta Materialia.2026; 304: 121751. CrossRef
From physics to intelligence: a review of AI-driven modeling strategies in laser direct energy deposition additive manufacturing
Seyedeh Fatemeh Nabavi, Saeid Nahavandi, Hamid Garmestani
Optics & Laser Technology.2026; 199: 114946. CrossRef
Progresses and Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses
Md Mahbubur Rahman, Raju Ahammad, Asif Karim Neon, Mukitur Rhaman, Md Jonaet Ansari, Md Nizam Uddin, Md Mainul Islam, Muhammad Altaf Nazir
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing.2026; 10(4): 121. CrossRef
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 244. CrossRef
Automated segmentation and analysis of microscopy images of laser powder bed fusion melt tracks
Aagam Shah, Reimar Weissbach, David A. Griggs, A. John Hart, Elif Ertekin, Sameh Tawfick
Journal of Manufacturing Processes.2025; 154: 61. CrossRef
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of AlSi10Mg, 316L Stainless Steel and Ti6Al4V Alloys Made with Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Selami Emanet, Edem Honu, Kekeli Agbewornu, Evelyn Quansah, Congyuan Zeng, Patrick Mensah
Materials.2025; 18(19): 4468. CrossRef
Adaptive slicing for increased productivity of metal laser powder bed fusion
Lars Vanmunster, Louca R. Goossens, Laurent Sergeant, Brecht Van Hooreweder, Bey Vrancken
Additive Manufacturing.2025; 112: 105000. CrossRef

[English]
Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification of 3D Interconnected Heterostructured Complex Concentrated Alloys Produced by Liquid Metal Dealloying: Microstructural Evolution and Wear Behavior: Jumi Choi, Yeji Kim, Munsu Choi, Jae Hyuk Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Auezhan Amanov, Soo-Hyun Joo, Hyoung Seop Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):91-103. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00045

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Abstract PDF: This study investigates the effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) on the microstructural evolution and tribological performance of a three-dimensional interconnected heterostructured compositionally complex alloy fabricated by liquid metal dealloying (LMD). The as-LMD microstructure comprises an interconnected Cu-rich phase and a CoCrFe-rich ligament phase. Electron backscatter diffraction reveals pronounced severe plastic deformation near the surface after UNSM, characterized by subgrain formation and increased intragranular misorientation. The kernel average misorientation distribution reveals a pronounced depth-dependent deformation gradient, with dislocations preferentially accumulating at the interphase boundaries. Vickers hardness increases from approximately 100–120 HV in the as-LMD condition to greater than 270 HV at the surface after UNSM, and the hardening effect remains detectable to a depth of approximately 500 μm. Compressive residual stresses are concentrated within the surface-adjacent ~50 μm. The solid ligament phase exhibits higher compressive residual stress than the Cu-rich phase, reflecting phase-dependent deformation accommodation and stress partitioning. Reciprocating wear tests show a narrower wear track, a markedly reduced wear depth, and a lower and more stable friction coefficient after UNSM. Microscopy shows oxide-layer cracking and delamination in the as-LMD condition, whereas the UNSM-treated surface exhibits minor abrasive wear of the tribo-film without delamination.

Critical Review

[English]
Advances in Powder Metallurgy for High-Entropy Alloys: Sheetal Kumar Dewangan, Cheenepalli Nagarjuna, Hansung Lee, K. Raja Rao, Man Mohan, Reliance Jain, Byungmin Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):480-492. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00297

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a revolutionary class of materials characterized by their multi-principal element compositions and exceptional mechanical properties. Powder metallurgy, a versatile and cost-effective manufacturing process, offers significant advantages for the development of HEAs, including precise control over their composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. This review explores innovative approaches integrating powder metallurgy techniques in the synthesis and optimization of HEAs. Key advances in powder production, sintering methods, and additive manufacturing are examined, highlighting their roles in improving the performance, advancement, and applicability of HEAs. The review also discusses the mechanical properties, potential industrial applications, and future trends in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of HEA development using powder metallurgy.

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Effect of Pressure and Temperature on the Microstructure and Vickers Microhardness of the CoCrFeMnNiAl1.5 Alloy During Conventional Sintering and High-Frequency Induction Sintering
Leonardo Baylón García, José Manuel Mendoza Duarte, Ivanovich Estrada Guel, Audel Santos Beltrán, Hansel Manuel Medrano Prieto, Gustavo Rodríguez Cabriales, Enrique Rocha Rangel, José Luis Hernández Rivera, Roberto Martínez Sánchez, Alfredo Martínez Garcí
Coatings.2026; 16(3): 275. CrossRef
Sustainable powder metallurgy route to Densify oxide-derived CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy
Taehyeob Im, Minjong Kim, Gertrude Mugwe Mongella, Nelson Bayi, Caroline Sunyong Lee
Materials Today Sustainability.2026; 34: 101330. CrossRef
Review on the impact of processing routes and external factors on phase formation and tribological properties of CoCrFeMnNi HEAs
Rituraj Chandrakar, Om Prakash, Anil Kumar, Ankur Jaiswal, Manish Kumar
Emergent Materials.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Fabrication and Alloying Behavior of Ultra-Lightweight AlTiCrVMg High-Entropy Alloy via Al-Mg Mutual Solubility and Sintering Control
Eunhyo Song, Hansung Lee, Byungmin Ahn
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 254. CrossRef
Thermodynamic and Electronic Descriptor-Driven Machine Learning for Phase Prediction in High-Entropy Alloys: Experimental Validation
Nguyen Lam Khoa, Nguyen Duy Khanh, Hoang Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Oanh, Le Hong Thang, Nguyen Hoa Khiem, Nguyen Hoang Viet
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 191. CrossRef
Latest Advancements and Mechanistic Insights into High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Properties and Applications
Anthoula Poulia, Alexander E. Karantzalis
Materials.2025; 18(24): 5616. CrossRef

Research Articles

[English]
Effect of Compositional Trade-off Between Cr and Mo on the Corrosion Resistance of Additively Manufactured Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo High-Entropy Alloys: Jeongmin Lee, Yeonghwan Song, Jae Hyuk Lee, Sung-Jae Jo, Minho Shin, Hyunbin Lim, Soon-Jik Hong, Soo-Hyun Joo; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):137-144. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00087

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Abstract PDF: In this study, the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo high-entropy alloys additively manufactured via direct energy deposition was investigated according to the compositional trade-off between Cr and Mo elements. Two distinct alloy compositions were fabricated by adjusting the feeding rate of two powders with different chemical compositions through a dual nozzle. Electrochemical testing in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution revealed that the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy exhibited inferior corrosion resistance compared to the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy. Specifically, the corrosion potential of the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy shifted negatively by approximately 200 mV compared to the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy, accompanied by an increase in corrosion current density and the pronounced initiation of localized pitting. This deterioration is attributed to a lack of passivation caused by the small amount of Mo in the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy. The passive film of the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy was more robust, characterized by a higher concentration of Mo, which effectively inhibited pit propagation through repassivation. These findings demonstrate that maintaining a critical Cr-Mo balance is more vital for the electrochemical stability of additively manufactured high-entropy alloys than unilateral Cr enrichment.

[English]
Thermodynamic and Electronic Descriptor-Driven Machine Learning for Phase Prediction in High-Entropy Alloys: Experimental Validation: Nguyen Lam Khoa, Nguyen Duy Khanh, Hoang Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh, , Le Hong Thang, Nguyen Hoa Khiem, Nguyen Hoang Viet; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):191-201. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00143

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit complex phase formation behavior, challenging conventional predictive methods. This study presents a machine learning (ML) framework for phase prediction in HEAs, using a curated dataset of 648 experimentally characterized compositions and features derived from thermodynamic and electronic descriptors. Three classifiers—random forest, gradient boosting, and CatBoost—were trained and validated through cross-validation and testing. Gradient boosting achieved the highest accuracy, and valence electron concentration (VEC), atomic size mismatch (δ), and enthalpy of mixing (ΔHmix) were identified as the most influential features. The model predictions were experimentally verified using a non-equiatomic Al₃₀Cu₁₇.₅Fe₁₇.₅Cr₁₇.₅Mn₁₇.₅ alloy and the equiatomic Cantor alloy (CoCrFeMnNi), both of which showed strong agreement with predicted phase structures. The results demonstrate that combining physically informed feature engineering with ML enables accurate and generalizable phase prediction, supporting accelerated HEA design.

Citations

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Effect of annealing temperature on thermal expansion and cryogenic mechanical properties of low-thermal-expansion Co22.2Cr6.2Fe48.8Ni17.8Cu5.0 medium-entropy alloy
Wooyoung Lee, Munsu Choi, Sungwook Kim, Dae-Kyeom Kim, Myungsuk Song, Taek-Soo Kim, Jungwan Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim, Hyunjoo Choi, Soo-Hyun Joo
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 954: 149811. CrossRef
Preparation and Arc Erosion Behavior of Cu-Based Contact Materials Reinforced with High Entropy Particles CuCrNiCoFe
Jiacheng Tong, Jun Wang, Huimin Zhang, Haoran Liu, Youchang Sun, Zhiguo Li, Wenyi Zhang, Zhe Wang, Yanli Chang, Zhao Yuan, Henry Hu
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B.2025; 56(5): 5948. CrossRef
Recent progresses on high entropy alloy development using machine learning: A review
Abhishek Kumar, Nilay Krishna Mukhopadhyay, Thakur Prasad Yadav
Computational Materials Today.2025; 8: 100038. CrossRef

Review Paper

[English]
Research Trends in Electromagnetic Shielding using MXene-based Composite Materials: Siyeon Kim, Jongmin Byun; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):57-76. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.57

10,159 View
183 Download
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Recent advancements in electronic devices and wireless communication technologies, particularly the rise of 5G, have raised concerns about the escalating electromagnetic pollution and its potential adverse impacts on human health and electronics. As a result, the demand for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has grown significantly. Traditional materials face limitations in providing optimal solutions owing to inadequacy and low performance due to small thickness. MXene-based composite materials have emerged as promising candidates in this context owing to their exceptional electrical properties, high conductivity, and superior EMI shielding efficiency across a broad frequency range. This review examines the recent developments and advantages of MXene-based composite materials in EMI shielding applications, emphasizing their potential to address the challenges posed by electromagnetic pollution and to foster advancements in modern electronics systems and vital technologies.

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Recent Advances in EMI-Shielding Aerogels: Mechanisms, Materials, and Scalable Fabrication Methods
Sonali Thangavel, Thirumalaisamy Suryaprabha, Danhui Ren, Jun Young Cheong, Sooman Lim, Byungil Hwang
Journal of Natural Fibers.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging role of MXene-based nanofluids in energy conversion and thermal management: Future perspectives
Kumaran Kadirgama
Chemical Engineering Research and Design.2026; 230: 1149. CrossRef
Designing dual phase hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) – Perovskite (La0.5Nd0.5FeO3) composites for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption and band gap modulation
Pramod D. Mhase, Varsha C. Pujari, Santosh S. Jadhav, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Sarah Alsobaie, Sunil M. Patange
Composites Communications.2025; 54: 102284. CrossRef
Microstructure tailoring of Nb-based MAX phase by low temperature synthesis with layer-structured Nb2C powder and molten salt method
Chaehyun Lim, Wonjune Choi, Jongmin Byun
Materials Characterization.2025; 225: 115106. CrossRef
Fabrication of MOF@MXene composites via surface modification of MXene under acidic conditions
Ji-Haeng Jeong, Woong-Ryeol Yu
Functional Composites and Structures.2025; 7(2): 025006. CrossRef
V2CTx MXene@ZIF-8 composite as an efficient adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution
Sarina Khojasteh Fard, Golshan Mazloom, Manoochehr Sobhani, Mohsen Tamtaji
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.2025; 13(6): 120099. CrossRef

Research Articles

[English]
Microstruture and Mechanical Properties of Ti.Grade12-Ti/TiN/WC Composite Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering Process: Hyun-Su Kim, Su-Gwan Lee, Dinh Van Cong, Jun-Seo Park, Ha-Seung Ryu, Jin-Chun Kim, Seung-Ick Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):1-12. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00486

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Abstract PDF: Ti.Grade12 is widely used in chemical processing, power generation, and nuclear industries because of its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, enhanced by alloying elements such as Ni and Mo. Ceramic reinforcements such as TiN have been reported to significantly improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of titanium-based materials. Furthermore, nano-sized WC particles can suppress excessive intermetallic compound formation and stabilize the Ti matrix through grain boundary pinning and microstructural control mechanisms. However, strong interfacial bonding between Ti and ceramic reinforcements generally requires high temperatures and prolonged sintering times, which may induce undesirable secondary phase formation. Therefore, optimizing the mixing ratio of Ti, TiN, and WC is essential to achieve a homogeneous interface and a stable composite structure. In this study, a composite layered structure was fabricated on a Ti.Grade12 substrate using mixed Ti, TiN, and nano-sized WC powders via Spark Plasma Sintering. A composition of 60 wt% Ti, 35 wt% TiN, and 5 wt% WC formed a stable coating layer without secondary phases and achieved a micro vickers hardness of approximately 2400 Hv.

[English]
Design of Conductive Inks Containing Carbon Black and Silver Nanowires for Patternable Screen-Printing on Fabrics: Seokhwan Kim, Geumseong Lee, Jinwoo Park, Dahye Shin, Ki-Il Park, Kyoung Jin Jung, Yuho Min; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):500-507. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00409

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study developed conductive inks composed of carbon black (CB) and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) for cost-effective screen-printing on fabrics. The Ag NW density within the CB matrix was precisely controlled, achieving tunable electrical conductivity with minimal Ag NW usage. The resulting inks were successfully patterned into shapes such as square grids and circles on textile surfaces, demonstrating excellent conductivity and fidelity. Adding 19.9 wt% Ag NWs reduced sheet resistance by ~92% compared to CB-only inks, highlighting the effectiveness and potential of this hybrid approach for cost-effective, high-performance textile-based electronics. The one-dimensional morphology of Ag NWs facilitated the formation of conductive percolation networks, creating efficient electron pathways within the CB matrix even at low loadings. This work advances the field of CB-based conductive inks and provides a scalable and practical method for producing functional, patterned electronic textiles.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Multifunctional Screen-Printed Conductive Inks: Design Principles, Performance Challenges, and Application Horizons
Nahid Islam, Manisha Das, Bashir Ahmed Johan, Syed Shaheen Shah, Atif Saeed Alzahrani, Md. Abdul Aziz
ACS Applied Electronic Materials.2025; 7(16): 7503. CrossRef

[English]
A Parametric Study on the L-PBF Process of an AlSi10Mg Alloy for High-Speed Productivity of Automotive Prototype Parts: Yeonha Chang, Hyomoon Joo, Wanghyun Yong, Yeongcheol Jo, Seongjin Kim, Hanjae Kim, Yeon Woo Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):390-398. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00325

2,794 View
81 Download
4 Citations

Abstract PDF

The AlSi10Mg alloy has garnered significant attention for its application in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), due to its lightweight properties and good printability using L-PBF. However, the low production speed of the L-PBF process is the main bottleneck in the industrial commercialization of L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy parts. Furthermore, while L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties, the properties are often over-specified compared to the target properties of parts traditionally fabricated by casting. To accelerate production speed in L-PBF, this study investigated the effects of process parameters on the build rate and mechanical properties of the AlSi10Mg alloy. Guidelines are proposed for high-speed additive manufacturing of the AlSi10Mg alloy for use in automotive parts. The results show a significant increase in the build rate, exceeding the conventional build rate by a factor of 3.6 times or more, while the L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy met the specifications for automotive prototype parts. This strategy can be expected to offer significant cost advantages while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties of topology-optimized parts used in the automobile industry.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Data-Driven analysis relates mechanical properties to pore morphology in laser powder bed fusion
Jaemin Wang, Seungyeon Lee, Yeon Woo Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jeong Min Park, Dierk Raabe
Acta Materialia.2026; 304: 121751. CrossRef
Role of Si-decorated cell structure in cryogenic tensile behavior of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy
Haeum Park, Jisung Yoo, Hyojin Hwang, Minsoo Jin, Yonghee Jo, Tae Jin Jang, Ji-Hun Yu, Seok Su Sohn, Jeong Min Park
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 959: 150080. CrossRef
Lightweight Design of a Connecting Rod Using Lattice-Structure Parameter Optimisation: A Test Case for L-PBF
Michele Amicarelli, Michele Trovato, Paolo Cicconi
Machines.2025; 13(3): 171. CrossRef
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 244. CrossRef

Critical Review

[Korean]
Recent Developments in Quantum Dot Patterning Technology for Quantum Dot Display: Yeong Jun Jin, Kyung Jun Jung, Jaehan Jung; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):169-179. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00073

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Abstract PDF: Colloidal quantum dot (QDs) have emerged as a crucial building block for LEDs due to their size-tunable emission wavelength, narrow spectral line width, and high quantum efficiency. Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to improving the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) in the past decade, primarily focusing on optimization of device architectures and synthetic procedures for high quality QDs. However, despite these efforts, the commercialization of QLEDs has yet to be realized due to the absence of suitable large-scale patterning technologies for high-resolution devices., This review will focus on the development trends associated with transfer printing, photolithography, and inkjet printing, and aims to provide a brief overview of the fabricated QLED devices. The advancement of various quantum dot patterning methods will lead to the development of not only QLED devices but also solar cells, quantum communication, and quantum computers.

Research Articles

[English]
SnF₂-Induced LiF Interphase for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes with Suppressed Dendrite Growth: Yeong Hoon Jeon, Seul Ki Choi, Yun Seung Nah, Wonil Shin, Yong-Ho Choa, Minho Yang; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):212-221. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00164

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Abstract PDF: Lithium (Li) metal is a promising anode for next-generation batteries due to its high capacity, low redox potential, and low density. However, dendrite growth and interfacial instability limit its use. In this study, an artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer of LiF and Li-Sn (LiF@Li-Sn) was fabricated by spray-coating SnF2 onto Li. The LiF@Li-Sn anode exhibited improved air stability and electrochemical performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated a charge transfer resistance of 25.2 Ω after the first cycle. In symmetric cells, it maintained a low overpotential of 27 mV after 250 cycles at 2 mA/cm2, outperforming bare Li. In situ microscopy confirmed dendrite suppression during plating. Full cells with NMC622 cathodes and LiF@Li-Sn anodes delivered 130.8 mAh/g with 79.4% retention after 300 cycles at 1 C and 98.8% coulombic efficiency. This coating effectively stabilized the interface and suppressed dendrites, with promising implications for practical lithium metal batteries.

[English]
Characterization of the Manufacturing Process and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys via Metal Injection Molding and Hot Isostatic Pressing: Eun Seong Kim, Jae Man Park, Do Won Lee, Hyojeong Ha, Jungho Choe, Jaemin Wang, Seong Jin Park, Byeong-Joo Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(3):243-254. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00059

2,795 View
69 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been reported to have better properties than conventional materials; however, they are more expensive due to the high cost of their main components. Therefore, research is needed to reduce manufacturing costs. In this study, CoCrFeMnNi HEAs were prepared using metal injection molding (MIM), which is a powder metallurgy process that involves less material waste than machining process. Although the MIM-processed samples were in the face-centered cubic (FCC) phase, porosity remained after sintering at 1200°C, 1250°C, and 1275°C. In this study, the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process, which considers both temperature (1150°C) and pressure (150 MPa), was adopted to improve the quality of the MIM samples. Although the hardness of the HIP-treated samples decreased slightly and the Mn composition was significantly reduced, the process effectively eliminated many pores that remained after the 1275°C MIM process. The HIP process can improve the quality of the alloy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Review on the impact of processing routes and external factors on phase formation and tribological properties of CoCrFeMnNi HEAs
Rituraj Chandrakar, Om Prakash, Anil Kumar, Ankur Jaiswal, Manish Kumar
Emergent Materials.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[English]
Analysis of Sintering Behavior and Microstructure of Mo-Ta Alloy under Different Sintering Conditions: Byungheon Oh, Geon Kim, Jio Yoon, Dongju Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):130-136. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00080

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Abstract PDF: Molybdenum-tantalum (Mo-Ta) alloy sputtering targets are widely used in electronic applications owing to their excellent corrosion resistance, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and low electrical impedance. In this study, the sintering behavior and microstructural evolution of Mo-Ta alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated as a function of sintering temperature in the range of 1650-1800 °C. X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses indicate that densification and alloying of the mixed Mo and Ta powders occur simultaneously during the SPS process. Increasing the sintering temperatures significantly enhances densification, and the compact sintered at 1750 °C achieves a relative density exceeding 99%, which is essential for high-quality sputtering target applications. The sintered alloys exhibit a clear temperature-dependent grain growth behavior together with a homogeneous microstructure and randomly oriented grains. These results demonstrate that appropriate control of sintering temperature enables the fabrication of dense and microstructurally uniform Mo-Ta alloys, providing valuable guidelines for optimizing sputtering target performance.

[Korean]
Study on Particle Shape Control and Characterization of SUS316L Flake Powder Fabricated by Wet Milling Process: Jae Hyeok Wi, Si Hong Ryu, Seong Eui Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):37-43. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00017

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Abstract PDF: In this study, a particle shape control process was developed to fabricate flake-like SUS316L powders about 20 µm for application in semiconductor gas filters. The Flake powder was produced through a wet milling process using a Planetary Mill by varying the rotation speed, milling time, solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dispersant conditions. The fabricated powders were then characterized to evaluate their morphological and phase transformation behaviors. In the ethanol-based Planetary Milling process, as the rotation speed increased from 300, 400, 500 rpm, the powder morphology was observed to gradually change from spherical to flake-like due to the increase in milling energy. According to the XRD, as the rotation speed increased, a phase transformation from austenite to martensite occurred due to the increase in heat generation and collisions between the powder and balls. In addition, an increase in Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) was observed, indicating a decrease in crystallinity. Under different solvent and dispersant conditions, the addition of 5 wt% PVP to the deionized water (DI Water) solvent suppressed particle fracture and produced more uniform flake-like particles compared with the DI Water process without PVP. In addition, a smaller FWHM and reduced oxygen content were observed.

Critical Review

[Korean]
Smelting and Recycling of Vanadium: Ho-Sang Sohn; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):61-73. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00010

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Abstract PDF: Global annual production of vanadium is approximately 100,000 tonnes; however, it remains a critical metal for steelmaking and modern industry. This study reviews the current status of vanadium smelting and recycling technologies. Approximately 90% of vanadium is produced as ferrovanadium (FeV) for use in steel alloys, although it is also utilized in titanium alloys, battery materials, and other applications. Both mineral ores and secondary waste resources serve as raw materials for vanadium production. These materials are typically subjected to roasting followed by acid or alkaline leaching to extract V₂O₅. Vanadium metal and FeV are produced from V₂O₅ primarily through aluminothermic reduction; alternatively, metallic vanadium can be manufactured via thermal reduction using Ca, Mg, or C, as well as by molten salt electrolysis. Crude vanadium is subsequently refined into high-purity metal through high-temperature vacuum treatment, electron beam melting, or molten salt electrolytic refining. Vanadium contained in steel scrap is recycled through re-melting in an electric arc furnace. Vanadium present in fly ash and spent catalysts is recovered using smelting processes similar to those applied to natural ores.

Research Articles

[Korean]
Extraction of MgSO₄ from dolomite and synthesis of Mg(OH)₂ in Bittern: HyunSeung Shim, Jiyeon Kim, Areum Choi, Nuri Oh, YooJin Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):122-130. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00073

1,988 View
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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

We synthesized magnesium hydroxide using bittern and dolomite, which are domestic resources. In Bittern, there is a high concentration of Mg2+ ions, but the impurity Ca2+ ion content is also significant, requiring a purification process to remove it. There are two main methods for this purification. Firstly, there is a separation method that utilizes the difference in solubility between Mg2+ ions and Ca2+ ions by using sulfuric acid on dolomite. Adding MgSO4 solution from dolomite to Bittern removes Ca2+ ions as CaSO4. This process simultaneously purifies Ca impurities and increases the Mg/Ca ratio by adding extra Mg2+ ions. In this study, purified bittern was obtained by using dolomite and sulfuric acid to extract MgSO4, which was then used to purify Ca2+ ions. High-purity Mg(OH)2 was synthesized by optimizing the NaOH and NH4OH ratio as an alkaline precipitant.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Microwave-assisted carbonation of magnesium hydroxide in aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution
Wonseok Hur, YooJin Kim, Duk-Young Jung
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids.2026; 215: 113714. CrossRef
Synthesis and Morphology Control of Needle Type 513 MHSH and Mg(OH)2 from Dolomite
Jiyeon Kim, HyunSeung Shim, Seong-Ju Hwang, YooJin Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(5): 399. CrossRef

[English]
Exploring Thermoelectric Transport Properties and Band Parameters of n-Type Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃ Compounds Using the Single Parabolic Band Model: Linh Ba Vu, Soo-ho Jung, Jinhee Bae, Jong Min Park, Kyung Tae Kim, Injoon Son, Seungki Jo; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):119-125. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00045

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7 Citations

Abstract PDF

The n-type Bi2-xSbxTe3 compounds have been of great interest due to its potential to achieve a high thermoelectric performance, comparable to that of p-type Bi2-xSbxTe3. However, a comprehensive understanding on the thermoelectric properties remains lacking. Here, we investigate the thermoelectric transport properties and band characteristics of n-type Bi2-xSbxTe3 (x = 0.1 – 1.1) based on experimental and theoretical considerations. We find that the higher power factor at lower Sb content results from the optimized balance between the density of state effective mass and nondegenerate mobility. Additionally, a higher carrier concentration at lower x suppresses bipolar conduction, thereby reducing thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. Consequently, the highest zT of ~ 0.5 is observed at 450 K for x = 0.1 and, according to the single parabolic band model, it could be further improved by ~70 % through carrier concentration tuning.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Role of Samarium as a composite in modifying the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Bi1.5Sb0.5Te3 alloy
G. Poojitha, Pratheeksha N. Poojary, U. Deepika Shanubhogue, P. Poornesh, Ashok Rao, Y. K. Kuo, Dhanya Sunil, Bikash Sharma
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Review of “Integrated Computer-Aided Process Engineering Session in the 17th International Symposium on Novel and Nano Materials (ISNNM, 14–18 November 2022)”
Yeon-Joo Lee, Pil-Ryung Cha, Hyoung-Seop Kim, Hyun-Joo Choi
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2025; 66(1): 144. CrossRef
Enhanced energy harvesting performance of bendable thermoelectric generator enabled by trapezoidal-shaped legs
Momanyi Amos Okirigiti, Cheol Min Kim, Hyejeong Choi, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Changyeon Baek, Min-Ku Lee, Gyoung-Ja Lee, Kwi-Il Park
Journal of Power Sources.2025; 631: 236254. CrossRef
Flexible hybrid thermoelectric films made of bismuth telluride-PEDOT:PSS composites enabled by freezing-thawing process and simple chemical treatment
Cheol Min Kim, Seoha Kim, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Bitna Bae, Momanyi Amos Okirigiti, Gwang Hyun Kim, Hyeon Jun Park, Haksu Jang, Changyeon Baek, Min-Ku Lee, Gyoung-Ja Lee, Kwi-Il Park
Materials Today Chemistry.2025; 44: 102532. CrossRef
Enhanced Electrical Properties of 3D Printed Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectric Materials via Hot Isostatic Pressing
Seungki Jo
Ceramist.2025; 28(1): 126. CrossRef
Hot isostatic pressing-driven fine-tuning of electrical properties in p- and n-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 thermoelectric materials
Seungki Jo, Jeong Min Park, Linh Ba Vu, Haeum Park, Soo Ho Jung, Jinhee Bae, Jong Min Park, Jungho Choe, Kyung Tae Kim
Ceramics International.2025; 51(26): 51107. CrossRef
Compensation of increased carrier concentration and thermal conductivity in enhancing thermoelectric efficiency in Sn-doped Sb-In-Te alloys
Yunjae Kim, Seungwoo Ha, Gyujin Chang, Gwan Hyeong Lee, Jaewoo Park, Chanwoo Ju, Se Yun Kim, TaeWan Kim, Sang-il Kim
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

[English]
Influence of Cobalt Content on Phase Formation and Morphology in Co-Zn-O Oxides: Deukhyeon Nam, Sungdo Yun, Bo Eun Choi, Chan Woong Na, Yoon Myung; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):104-112. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00052

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Abstract PDF: Co–Zn–O–based materials have attracted attention for applications in energy storage and catalysis. In this study, the effects of cobalt incorporation on the crystal phase and particle morphology of Co–Zn–O oxides were investigated. ZnO-based oxides were synthesized using a reflux method, and the influence of cobalt content on phase formation and morphology was systematically evaluated. As the cobalt precursor concentration increased, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed higher cobalt incorporation. This compositional variation was accompanied by changes in particle morphology, including nanoparticles, disk-like structures, and occasional rod-like features. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that samples with low cobalt content retained the wurtzite ZnO phase, whereas higher cobalt concentrations led to formation of a ZnO/ZnCo2O4 composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed comparable binding energies among samples, while differences in peak width suggested variations in the local coordination environment of cobalt. These results indicate that cobalt content significantly influences phase composition and particle morphology in Co–Zn–O oxides synthesized under reflux conditions.

[English]
Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Al–Mg Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films: Jong-Mu Kim, Jun-Seo Park, Jun-Ha Lee, Min-Woo Kim, Jung-Woo Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):44-50. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00031

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Abstract PDF: Al–Mg co-doped ZnO thin films were fabricated by a sol–gel spin-coating process to investigate the effect of dopant ratio on their structural, electrical, and optical properties. The total dopant concentration was fixed at 3 mol%, while the Al-to-Mg ratio was systematically varied in AlₓMg₀.₀₃₋ₓZn₀.₉₇O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the films maintained a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred (002) orientation up to an Al concentration of 1.5 mol%, whereas higher Al contents resulted in a degradation of crystallinity due to exceeding the solid solubility limit of Al in the ZnO lattice. Hall effect measurements revealed a decrease in carrier mobility with increasing Al content, attributed to enhanced ionized impurity scattering, while the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity reached optimal values at an Al–Mg co-doping ratio of 1.5 mol%–1.5 mol%. All films exhibited high optical transmittance in the visible region, with the highest average transmittance of approximately 83% observed at the same composition. These results demonstrate that controlling the Al/Mg dopant ratio is crucial for optimizing the performance of ZnO-based transparent conducting oxide thin films.

[Korean]
Enhancement of the Electrochemical Performance of SiOx Anodes by Al₂O₃ Coating via Powder Atomic Layer Deposition: Donggeon Shin, Yoonsoo Han; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):501-508. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00416

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Abstract PDF: Silicon based anode materials offer high theoretical capacity but suffer from severe volume expansion and unstable interfacial properties during repeated lithiation and delithiation, resulting in rapid performance degradation. In this study, a thin aluminum oxide coating layer was deposited on Si/SiOx Carbon anode materials using a powder atomic layer deposition (PALD) process to address these limitations. EDS mapping and XRD analyses confirmed the uniform formation of an amorphous aluminum oxide coating with increasing thickness as the deposition cycles increased. Electrochemical evaluation showed that the electrode coated with 5 PALD cycles exhibited approximately 78% higher capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 A g-1 and a higher initial Coulombic efficiency compared to the bare electrode. The coated electrode also delivered approximately 22% higher capacity at a high current density of 5 A g-1, indicating enhanced rate capability. Cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed increased surface controlled reaction contributions and improved reaction kinetics. These results demonstrate that PALD derived aluminum oxide coatings effectively stabilize the electrode electrolyte interface and enhance the electrochemical performance of silicon based anodes, highlighting their potential for next generation high capacity lithium ion batteries. generation high capacity lithium ion battery anode materials.

[English]
Enhanced Compressive Strength of Fired Iron Ore Pellets: Effects of Blending Fine and Coarse Particle Concentrates: Ngo Quoc Dung, Tran Xuan Hai, Nguyen Minh Thuyet, Nguyen Quang Tung, Arvind Barsiwal, Nguyen Hoang Viet; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(4):315-329. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00129

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Abstract PDF: This study investigated the effects of oxidative firing parameters and raw material characteristics on the pelletization of Australian and Minh Son (Vietnam) iron ore concentrates. The influence of firing temperature (1050°C–1150°C) and holding time (15–120 min) on pellet compressive strength was examined, focusing on microstructural changes during consolidation. Green pellets were prepared using controlled particle size distributions and bentonite as a binder. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that grain boundary diffusion, liquid phase formation, and densification significantly improved mechanical strength. X-ray diffraction confirmed the complete oxidation of magnetite to hematite at elevated temperatures, a critical transformation for metallurgical performance. Optimal firing conditions for both single and blended ore compositions yielded compressive strengths above 250 kgf/pellet, satisfying the requirements for blast furnace applications. These results provide valuable guidance for improving pellet production, promoting the efficient utilization of diverse ore types, and enhancing the overall performance of ironmaking operations.

[English]
Machine Learning Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Al2024-B4C Composites: Maurya A. K., Narayana P. L., Wang X.-S., Reddy N. S.; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):382-389. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00234

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Abstract PDF: Aluminum-based composites are in high demand in industrial fields due to their light weight, high electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Due to its unique advantages for composite fabrication, powder metallurgy is a crucial player in meeting this demand. However, the size and weight fraction of the reinforcement significantly influence the components' quality and performance. Understanding the correlation of these variables is crucial for building high-quality components. This study, therefore, investigated the correlations among various parameters—namely, milling time, reinforcement ratio, and size—that affect the composite’s physical and mechanical properties. An artificial neural network model was developed and showed the ability to correlate the processing parameters with the density, hardness, and tensile strength of Al2024-B4C composites. The predicted index of relative importance suggests that the milling time has the most substantial effect on fabricated components. This practical insight can be directly applied in the fabrication of high-quality Al2024-B4C composites.

[Korean]
Effect of Powder Preparation Method on the Microstructural Characteristics of Sintered W-7Ni-3Cu Heavy Alloy: Youngmin Kim, Ji Young Kim, Minju Son, Wonyong Kwon, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):113-118. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00038

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Abstract PDF: The effect of powder characteristics and sintering temperature on the properties of W-7Ni-3Cu is investigated. The heavy alloy powders were prepared by ball milling and hydrogen reduction of elemental metal or metal oxide powders. Microstructural analysis revealed that the powder mixtures reduced by hydrogen at 800oC consist of a trace amount of Ni4W phase along with the metal W phase and Ni-Cu solid solution. Additionally, compared to metal powder, the powder mixture using oxide as raw material exhibited a relatively fine particle size. The W-7Ni-3Cu alloys sintered using oxide powders had relative density of over 99%, whereas the specimens using metal powders as a raw material showed relatively low values of 87.8~98.2%. The Vickers hardness of the sintered specimens using oxide powder was 3.34–3.92 GPa, which was higher than that of 2.39–3.22 GPa measured when using metal powders. The observed results can be attributed to the relatively high density and the reduced grain size.

Critical Review

[Korean]
Research Trends in Magneto-Mechano-Electric (MME) Energy Harvesting Devices: So Ie Jeong, Geon-Tae Hwang; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):529-541. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00493

1,260 View
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Abstract PDF: Magneto-mechano-electric (MME) energy harvesters have emerged as a promising solution for maintenance-free power generation in rapidly expanding Internet of Things (IoT) environments, where replacing or wiring batteries is impractical. MME devices convert weak alternating magnetic fields, ubiquitous around power infrastructures, into useful electrical energy through sequential magnetic, mechanical, and electrical transduction processes. This review summarizes recent advances across triboelectric-, piezoelectric-, and hybrid MME architectures. Triboelectric MME generators employing nano-engineered polymer surfaces, flash-induced surface modification, and nanoscale pattern replication demonstrate low-cost fabrication routes while achieving significantly enhanced voltage and current outputs. Piezoelectric MME systems based on Mn-doped PMN-PZT single crystals highlight strategies for improving mechanical quality factors and resonance-driven power generation. Further, hybrid MME designs that integrate piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction mechanisms enable high-power outputs exceeding tens of milliwatts, sufficient to operate multifunctional IoT platforms and charge practical energy-storage devices. Collectively, these studies illustrate a transition of MME harvesting technologies from laboratory concepts to application-ready self-powered systems. Future opportunities lie in broadband resonance design, modular harvester integration, advanced power management, and multi-source hybridization for robust long-term operation in real environments.

Research Articles

[English]
Finite Element and Discrete Element Analyses of Anisotropic Powder Compaction for Axial Flux Motor Cores: Jeong Ah Lee, Do Won Lee, , Hyojeong Ha, Ki Hyuk Kwon, Eon Byeong Park, Taeyoung Kim, Hyoung Seop Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):451-458. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00409

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Abstract PDF: This study investigates the compaction behavior of anisotropic, plate-like powders used in axial flux motor cores through a combined FEM–DEM approach. A porous continuum FEM model captures stress and density evolution during die pressing, revealing strong gradients along the compaction direction, with higher stress and densification near the upper punch and reduced compaction in the lower region. Guided by these results, DEM simulations examine particle packing, orientation, and contact pressure in representative zones. The DEM analysis shows that higher local pressure promotes denser packing and in-plane particle alignment near the upper punch, while the lower region exhibits more random orientations and lower contact forces. As a result, the multi-scale FEM–DEM framework clarifies how anisotropic particle behavior governs local densification and offers practical guidance for die design and process optimization to achieve more uniform density and controlled magnetic-property-relevant particle alignment in axial flux motor cores.

[Korean]
Effect of Fe and Cr on ω Phase Formation in Metastable β-Ti Alloy: Sun-Young Park, Young-Bum Chun; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(4):354-360. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00220

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Abstract PDF: This study investigated the effects of Fe and Cr contents on ω phase formation and transformation during solution treatment and the subsequent aging process, for which four model alloys with varying Fe and Cr contents but keeping Mo equivalent of ~ 12.6 were prepared by plasma arc melting and fabricated into plates by hot forging followed by hot-rolling. The atherrmal ω phase was observed in all Ti alloys after solution treatment followed by water quenching through XRD and TEM analysis. The largest volume fraction of athermal ω phase is formed in Ti alloy with only Fe 4 wt.% among all Ti alloys, leading to the highest Vickers value due to hardening effect ω phase. It was found that not only Mo equivalent but also each characteristic of β stabilizing elements should be considered to understand a microstructure evolution and mechanical properties.

[Korean]
The Manufacturing Process of Clean Ni-Cr-Co-Based Superalloy Powder Using a Plasma Rotating Electrode: Kyu-Sik Kim, Dae Woong Kim, Yeontae Kim, Jung Hyo Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):222-231. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00171

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Ni-based superalloys are widely used for critical components in aerospace, defense, industrial power generation systems, and other applications. Clean superalloy powders and manufacturing processes, such as compaction and hot isostatic pressing, are essential for producing superalloy discs used in turbine engines, which operate under cyclic rotating loads and high-temperature conditions. In this study, the plasma rotating electrode process (PREP), one of the most promising methods for producing clean metallic powders, is employed to fabricate Ni-based superalloy powders. PREP leads to a larger powder size and narrower distribution compared to powders produced by vacuum induction melt gas atomization. An important finding is that highly spheroidized powders almost free of satellites, fractured, and deformed particles can be obtained by PREP, with significantly low oxygen content (approximately 50 ppm). Additionally, large grain size and surface inclusions should be further controlled during the PREP process to produce high-quality powder metallurgy parts.

Citations

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Characterization of Hf, Pt-doped NiCoCrAlY powders fabricated via plasma rotating electrode process
Chengxi Wang, Bochun Zhang, Jiale Tian, Peng Song, Taihong Huang, Jilin Lei, Wei Deng, Vincent Ji
Powder Technology.2026; 480: 122628. CrossRef

[English]
The Effect of Aluminum Powder Size on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Foam: Seunghyeok Choi, Sungjin Kim, Tae-Young Ahn, Yu-Song Choi, Jae-Gil Jung, Seung Bae Son, Seok-Jae Lee; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):232-243. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00157

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

In this study, we analyzed the structural and mechanical properties of aluminum foams fabricated using aluminum powders of varying sizes and mixtures. The effects of sintering and pore structure at each size on the integrity and mechanical properties of the foams were investigated. Structural characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy and micro–computed tomography, while mechanical properties were evaluated through compression testing. The experimental results demonstrated that smaller powder sizes improved foam integrity, reduced porosity and pore size, and resulted in thinner cell walls. In combination, these effects increased compressive strength as the powder size decreased. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding and improvement of the mechanical properties of aluminum foams and highlight their potential for use in a wide range of applications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sustainable Manufacturing of Graphene–Aluminum Composites: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment
Xinwei Yang, Qian Peng, Changke Chen, Qingcui Liu, Yudai Huang
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy.2026; 12(1): 727. CrossRef
Effect of powder size and sintering time on the induction sintering behavior of aluminum fabricated by UHFIS
Hıdır Sercan Çubuk
Turkish Journal of Engineering.2026; 10(2): 396. CrossRef

[Korean]
Fabrication and Optimization of Al₂O₃ Microchannels Using DLP-Based 3D Printing: Jun-Min Cho, Yong-Jun Seo, Yoon-Soo Han; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(1):59-66. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00346

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Abstract PDF: This study focused on optimizing the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing process for high-precision ceramic components using alumina-based slurries. Key challenges, such as cracking during debinding and precision loss due to slurry sedimentation, were addressed by evaluating the exposure time and the nano-to-micro alumina powder ratios. The optimal conditions—exposure time of 15 seconds and a 1:9 mixing ratio—minimized cracking, improved gas flow during debinding, and increased structural precision. Microchannels with diameters above 1.2 mm were successfully fabricated, but channels below 0.8 mm faced challenges due to slurry accumulation and over-curing. These results establish a reliable process for fabricating complex ceramic components with improved precision and structural stability. The findings have significant potential for applications in high-value industries, including aerospace, energy, and healthcare, by providing a foundation for the efficient and accurate production of advanced ceramic structures.

[Korean]
Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on the Stellite 6 Alloy prepared by Directed Energy Deposition: Joowon Suh, Jae Hyeon Koh, Young-Bum Chun, Young Do Kim, Jinsung Jang, Suk Hoon Kang, Heung Nam Han; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):152-162. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00066

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Abstract PDF

The directed energy deposited (DED) alloys show higher hardness values than the welded alloys due to the finer microstructure following the high cooling rate. However, defects such as microcracks, pores, and the residual stress are remained within the DED alloy. These defects deteriorate the wear behavior so post-processing such as heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are applied to DED alloys to reduce the defects. HIP was chosen in this study because the high pressure and temperature uniformly reduced the defects. The HIP is processed at 1150oC under 100 MPa for 4 hours. After HIP, microcracks are disappeared and porosity is reduced by 86.9%. Carbides are spherodized due to the interdiffusion of Cr and C between the dendrite and interdendrite region. After HIP, the nanohardness (GPa) of carbides increased from 11.1 to 12, and the Co matrix decreased from 8.8 to 7.9. Vickers hardness (HV) decreased by 18.9 % after HIP. The dislocation density (10-2/m2) decreased from 7.34 to 0.34 and the residual stress (MPa) changed from tensile 79 to a compressive -246 by HIP. This study indicates that HIP is effective in reducing defects, and the HIP DED Stellite 6 exhibits a higher HV than welded Stellite 6.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Recycling Process and Powderization Technology of Stellite 6 Scrap: A Thermodynamic and Heat Transfer Analysis
YongKwan Lee, Hyun-chul Kim, Myungsuk Kim, Soong Ju Oh, Kyoungtae Park, JaeJin Sim
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(4): 330. CrossRef

[English]
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy through Selective Laser Melting: Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP): Gargi Roy, Raj Narayan Hajra, Woo Hyeok Kim, Jongwon Lee, Sangwoo Kim, Jeoung Han Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):1-7. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.1

7,439 View
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9 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study explores the profound impact of varying oxygen content on microstructural and mechanical properties in specimens HO and LO. The higher oxygen concentration in specimen HO is found to significantly influence alpha lath sizes, resulting in a size of 0.5-1 μm, contrasting with the 1-1.5 μm size observed in specimen LO. Pore fraction, governed by oxygen concentration, is high in specimen HO, registering a value of 0.11%, whereas specimen LO exhibits a lower pore fraction (0.02%). Varied pore types in each specimen further underscore the role of oxygen concentration in shaping microstructural morphology. Despite these microstructural variations, the average hardness remains consistent at ~370 HV. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of oxygen content in influencing microstructural features, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between elemental composition and material properties.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V based oxide dispersion strengthened alloy using in-situ oxide-dispersed powders and bound metal deposition
Woo Hyeok Kim, Raj Narayan Hajra, Hyung-Ki Park, Jung-Yeul Yun, Jeoung Han Kim
Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2026; 1050: 185574. CrossRef
Mechanical response and microstructural evolution of a composite joint fabricated by green laser dissimilar welding of VCoNi medium entropy alloy and 17-4PH stainless steel
Hadiseh Esmaeilpoor, Mahdi Aghaahmadi, Hyun Jong Yoo, Chan Woong Park, Tae Jin Jang, Seok Su Sohn, Jeoung Han Kim
Journal of Materials Science & Technology.2025; 213: 223. CrossRef
High-integrity diffusion bonding of laser powder bed fused, forged, and rolled Ti–6Al–4V alloys
Seoyeon Jeon, Hyunjong Ha, Dong Jun Lee, Hyeonil Park, Yong Nam Kwon, Hyunjoo Choi, Hyokyung Sung
Journal of Materials Research and Technology.2025; 35: 2108. CrossRef
Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Titanium Turning Scrap via Alkali and Acid Two-Step Cleaning
Seong Min An, Raj Narayan Hajra, Chan Hee Park, Jin-Ho Yoon, Jinsung Rho, Chang-Min Yoon, Jeoung Han Kim
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2025; 66(7): 855. CrossRef
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 244. CrossRef
Obtaining functionally-graded metal-matrix materials Ti‒6Al‒4V + WC in the process of 3D printing by the method of additive plasma-arc deposition
V. Korzhyk, A. Grynyuk, O. Babych, O. Berdnikova, Ye. Illiashenko, O. Bushma
The Paton Welding Journal.2025; 2025(8): 29. CrossRef
Obtaining functionally-graded metal-matrix materials ti‒6al‒4v + wc by the method of additive plasma-arc deposition
V.M. Korzhyk, A.A. Grynyuk, O.A. Babych, O.M. Berdnikova, Ye.V. Illiashenko, O.I. Bushma
Avtomatičeskaâ svarka (Kiev).2025; 2025(5): 48. CrossRef
Comparative Review of the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated via Wrought and Powder Metallurgy Processes
Raj Narayan Hajra, Gargi Roy, An Seong Min, Hyunseok Lee, Jeoung Han Kim
Journal of Powder Materials.2024; 31(5): 365. CrossRef
A Parametric Study on the L-PBF Process of an AlSi10Mg Alloy for High-Speed Productivity of Automotive Prototype Parts
Yeonha Chang, Hyomoon Joo, Wanghyun Yong, Yeongcheol Jo, Seongjin Kim, Hanjae Kim, Yeon Woo Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2024; 31(5): 390. CrossRef

Critical Review

[English]
X-Ray Imaging of Solid-State Sintering and Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Process Monitoring and Defect Evolution: Wonjun Cho, Woobin Cho, Seongheon Park, Donghwan Son, Insung Han; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):145-158. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00479

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Abstract PDF: X-ray imaging has become essential for understanding powder-based metal processing. In solid-state sintering, synchrotron tomography reveals particle rearrangement, neck growth, and pore evolution, clarifying how packing heterogeneity and particle-size distribution govern densification. In laser powder bed fusion, high-speed radiography captures microsecond-scale melt-pool behavior, including keyhole dynamics, vapor-jet entrainment, spatter formation, and bubble-mediated porosity, thereby enabling mechanistic links between processing conditions and defect generation. Nonetheless, current X-ray methods face trade-offs between spatial and temporal resolution and often remain qualitative. Integrating operando imaging with physics-based simulations and machine-learning models offers a path toward quantitative prediction and real-time control. This review summarizes recent progress and highlights key challenges and opportunities for advancing operando characterization of powder-based metal processes.

Research Articles

[English]
Laser Processing of an Al_0.1CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloy + Cu Composite Powders via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Kwangtae Son, Ji-Woon Lee, Soon-Jik Hong, Somayeh Pasebani; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(4):277-287. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00101

1,804 View
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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study examined process–structure relationships in laser powder bed fusion of Al₀.₁CoCrFeNi + Cu composites, focusing on densification, elemental distribution, and solidification cracking. Mechanically mixed Al₀.₁CoCrFeNi and Cu powders were processed across a range of laser powers (100–250 W) and scan speeds (200–800 mm/s). Increased volumetric energy density (VED) improved densification, with a plateau near 200 J/mm³ yielding ~96% relative density; however, this value was still below application-grade thresholds. At low VED, insufficient thermal input and short melt pool residence times promoted Cu segregation, while higher VED facilitated improved elemental mixing. Elemental mapping showed partial co-segregation of Ni with Cu at low energies. Solidification cracks were observed across all processing conditions. In high VED regimes, cracking exhibited a minimal correlation with segregation behavior and was primarily attributed to steep thermal gradients, solidification shrinkage, and residual stress accumulation. In contrast, at low VED, pronounced Cu segregation appeared to exacerbate cracking through localized thermal and mechanical mismatch.

Citations

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In-situ process monitoring and control of laser directed energy deposition using thermal imaging and computer vision
Saegis Abbott, Kassandra Hernandez, Ryan Bertelsen, Omid Hatami Farzaneh, Adam Bischoff, Doug Dingus, Dong Lin, Jesse Rodriguez, Devin J. Roach
Journal of Materials Research and Technology.2026; 42: 10851. CrossRef

[Korean]
Development of Aluminum Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Using Machine Learning: Sungbin An, Juyeon Han, Seoyeon Jeon, Dowon Kim, Jae Bok Seol, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):202-211. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00150

1,169 View
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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

The present study introduces a machine learning approach for designing new aluminum alloys tailored for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, achieving an optimal balance between hardness and conductivity. Utilizing a comprehensive database of powder compositions, process parameters, and material properties, predictive models—including an artificial neural network and a gradient boosting regression model, were developed. Additionally, a variational autoencoder was employed to model input data distributions and generate novel process data for aluminum-based powders. The similarity between the generated data and the experimental data was evaluated using K-nearest neighbor classification and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, with accuracy and the F1-score as metrics. The results demonstrated a close alignment, with nearly 90% accuracy, in numerical metrics and data distribution patterns. This work highlights the potential of machine learning to extend beyond multi-property prediction, enabling the generation of innovative process data for material design.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Predictive Control of Magnesium Content in Industrial 5182 Aluminum Alloy Recycling Using SCADA-Guided Gradient Boosting
Mengya Wang, Jiahui Xu, Xiaohu Wang, Farid Wirawan, Mouhamadou Aziz Diop
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[Korean]
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):244-253. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00087

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Abstract PDF: Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely utilized in aerospace and medical sectors due to its high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, its low machinability makes it difficult to manufacture complex-shaped products. Advancements in additive manufacturing have focused on producing high-performance, complex components using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, which is a specialized technique for customized geometries. The LPBF process exposes materials to extreme thermal conditions and rapid cooling rates, leading to residual stresses within the parts. These stresses are intensified by variations in the thermal history across regions of the component. These variations result in differences in microstructure and mechanical properties, causing distortion. Although support structure design has been researched to minimize residual stress, few studies have conducted quantitative analyses of stress variations due to different support designs. This study investigated changes in the residual stress and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated using LPBF, focusing on support structure design.

[Korean]
Fabrication and Alloying Behavior of Ultra-Lightweight AlTiCrVMg High-Entropy Alloy via Al-Mg Mutual Solubility and Sintering Control: Eunhyo Song, Hansung Lee, Byungmin Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):254-261. Published online June 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00059

1,005 View
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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) incorporating low-melting-point elements (Mg and Al) and high-melting-point elements (Ti, Cr, and V) were fabricated via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Sintering temperatures were varied to investigate phase behavior and microstructural evolution. X-ray diffraction was used to identify phase structures, scanning electron microscopy to analyze microstructures, X-ray fluorescence to determine elemental composition, and a gas pycnometer to measure density. Micro-Vickers hardness testing was conducted to evaluate mechanical properties. Mechanical-alloyed HEAs exhibited a body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and lamellar structures with element-enriched regions. Sintering introduced additional BCC and Laves phases, while higher temperatures promoted Mg liquid-phase sintering, increasing density and hardness. This study highlights the effects of sintering on HEAs containing elements with differing melting points to optimize their properties.

Citations

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Effect of annealing temperature on thermal expansion and cryogenic mechanical properties of low-thermal-expansion Co22.2Cr6.2Fe48.8Ni17.8Cu5.0 medium-entropy alloy
Wooyoung Lee, Munsu Choi, Sungwook Kim, Dae-Kyeom Kim, Myungsuk Song, Taek-Soo Kim, Jungwan Lee, Hyoung Seop Kim, Hyunjoo Choi, Soo-Hyun Joo
Materials Science and Engineering: A.2026; 954: 149811. CrossRef

[Korean]
Effect of the Initial Porosity of Needle Coke-Pitch Carbonized Blocks on Impregnation-Related Physical Properties: U-Sang Youn, Sang-Hye Lee, Jae-Seung Roh; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):138-144. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00038

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Abstract PDF: Carbonized blocks with different porosities were prepared by varying the particle size of the filler and subsequent impregnation. The impregnated carbonized blocks were re-carbonized. The use of smaller particles in the filler in the carbonized block was associated with larger porosity, smaller pore size, and a higher impregnation ratio. The block with the smallest average particle size (53 μm), CB-53, had a porosity of 35.9% and pores of approximately 40 μm, while the block with the largest average particle size (413 μm), CB-413, had a porosity of 30.5% and pores of approximately 150 μm. CB-53 had the highest bulk density, electrical resistivity, flexural strength, and impregnation ratio. This is due to the large porosity, which is believed to be due to the presence of more interfaces between particles during the re-carbonization of the impregnated carbonized block, resulting in a better pore-filling effect.

[Korean]
Fabrication and High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Light-Weight Insulation Materials and Coatings for Reusable Thermal Protection Systems: Min-Soo Nam, Jong-Il Kim, Jaesung Shin, Hyeonjun Kim, Bum-Seok Oh, Seongwon Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):521-529. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00318

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Light-weight ceramic insulation materials and high-emissivity coatings were fabricated for reusable thermal protection systems (TPS). Alumina-silica fibers and boric acid were used to fabricate the insulation, which was heat treated at 1250 °C. High-emissivity coating of borosilicate glass modified with TaSi2, MoSi2, and SiB6 was applied via dip-and-spray coating methods and heat-treated at 1100°C. Testing in a high-velocity oxygen fuel environment at temperatures over 1100 °C for 120 seconds showed that the rigid structures withstood the flame robustly. The coating effectively infiltrated into the fibers, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Although some oxidation of TaSi2 occurred, thereby increasing the Ta2O5 and SiO2 phases, no significant phase changes or performance degradation were observed. These results demonstrate the potential of these materials for reusable TPS applications in extreme thermal environments.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Durability Assessment of Tile-Type Reusable Thermal Protection Materials
Minjeong Kim, Seong Man Choi
Materials.2026; 19(2): 303. CrossRef

[English]
Recovery of Barium, Nickel, and Titanium Powders from Waste MLCC: Haein Shin, Kun-Jae Lee; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):374-381. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00192

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Abstract PDF: The development of the electronics industry has led to an increased demand for the manufacture of MLCC (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors), which in turn is expected to result in a rise in MLCC waste. The MLCC contains various metals, notably barium, titanium, and nickel, whose disposal is anticipated to increase correspondingly. Recently, recycling technologies for electronic waste have garnered attention as they address waste management and raw material supply challenges. This paper investigates the recovery of barium, nickel, and titanium from the MLCC by a hydrometallurgical process. Using citric acid, which is an organic acid, the metal inside the MLCC was leached. Additionally, metal materials were recovered through precipitation and complexing processes. As a result, barium and titanium were recovered from the leachate of the waste MLCC, and 93% of the nickel-based powder was recovered. Furthermore, the optimal recovery process conditions for recycling these metal elements were investigated.

[Korean]
Hydrogen Reduction Behavior of NCM-based Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Materials: So-Yeong Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Dae-Hyeon Lee, Ho-Sang Sohn; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):163-168. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00017

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

As the demand for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles is increasing, it is important to recover valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries. In this study, the effects of gas flow rate and hydrogen partial pressure on hydrogen reduction of NCM-based lithium-ion battery cathode materials were investigated. As the gas flow rate and hydrogen partial pressure increased, the weight loss rate increased significantly from the beginning of the reaction due to the reduction of NiO and CoO by hydrogen. At 700 °C and hydrogen partial pressure above 0.5 atm, Ni and Li2O were produced by hydrogen reduction. From the reduction product and Li recovery rate, the hydrogen reduction of NCM-based cathode materials was significantly affected by hydrogen partial pressure. The Li compounds recovered from the solution after water leaching of the reduction products were LiOH, LiOH·H2O, and Li2CO3, with about 0.02 wt% Al as an impurity.

Citations

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Research Progress on Prior Lithium Extraction from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials via Pyrometallurgical Roasting
Zhanyong Guo, Xiangrui Ren, Zihan Zhang, Zhen Feng, Fachuang Li
Sustainability.2026; 18(8): 4026. CrossRef
Reduction Roasting of Black Mass Recovered from NCM-based Spent Lithium-ion Batteries Using CH4 Gas
Sang-Yeop Lee, Jae-Ho Hwang, Ho-Sang Sohn
Resources Recycling.2025; 34(5): 93. CrossRef

[Korean]
Development of High-strength, High-temperature Nb-Si-Ti Alloys through Mechanical Alloying: Jung-Joon Kim, Sang-Min Yoon, Deok-Hyun Han, Jongmin Byun, Young-Kyun Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):30-36. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.30

2,631 View
60 Download
1 Citations

PDF

Citations

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Review of “Integrated Computer-Aided Process Engineering Session in the 17th International Symposium on Novel and Nano Materials (ISNNM, 14–18 November 2022)”
Yeon-Joo Lee, Pil-Ryung Cha, Hyoung-Seop Kim, Hyun-Joo Choi
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2025; 66(1): 144. CrossRef

[Korean]
Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Electrodes for Flexible Heater: Min Gi An, Jaehak Lee, Jung Hwan Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):492-500. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00332

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Abstract PDF: A flexible heater with high thermal efficiency and mechanical durability was developed by fabricating laser-induced porous graphene (LIPG) electrodes on polyimide films using a 532 nm green laser. Laser power, scan speed, and line distance were precisely optimized based on photothermal simulations to generate uniform porous graphene structures with large surface area and excellent heat dissipation characteristics. Raman, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the optimized LIPG exhibited highly graphitized features with low oxygen defects. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that porous morphologies formed only within a specific laser scan speed range, whereas excessive or insufficient irradiation resulted in collapsed or absent porosity. The serpentine-patterned LIPG heater maintained stable electrical resistance under repeated multidirectional bending, demonstrating excellent flexibility and mechanical stability. The heater also achieved rapid and uniform heating up to 80 °C within seconds, maintaining consistent temperature distribution even on curved surfaces.

[Korean]
Optimization of Mechanical Properties in WC–Mo₂C–Co Cemented Carbides via Dual Hard-Phase Based Heterogeneous Microstructure Design: Jinwoo Seok, Jong Tae Kim, Juree Jung, SongYi Kim, Bin Lee, Junhee Han, Leeseung Kang; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(5):428-436. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00297

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

WC–Mo₂C–Co cemented carbides were fabricated to investigate the effects of Mo₂C addition on microstructure and mechanical properties. Dual hard-phase design using WC and Mo₂C was employed to optimize the balance between hardness and toughness. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was conducted at various temperatures after ball milling, and 1300 °C for 5 min was identified as the optimized sintering condition, achieving complete densification and phase stability. The addition of Mo₂C refined the microstructure by suppressing abnormal WC grain growth through preferential dissolution of Mo₂C into the Co binder. Hardness increased up to 1769 Hv30 due to grain refinement and solid-solution strengthening, while promoted η-phase formation and reduced fracture toughness.The 27Mo₂C composition exhibited the most balanced combination of hardness and toughness. These results demonstrate that controlled Mo₂C addition enables dual hard-phase strengthening and microstructure optimization in WC–Mo₂C–Co carbides for advanced cutting and forming applications.

Citations

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Effect of Bimodal WC Particle Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of WC–Mo2C–Co Cemented Carbides
Jinwoo Seok, Jong Tae Kim, Juree Jung, Bin Lee, Junhee Han, Leeseung Kang
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(1): 13. CrossRef

[English]
Cost-effective Fabrication of Near β-Ti Alloy via L-PBF: Process Optimization of In-situ Alloying Ti-3Fe: Sehun Kim, Ukju Gim, Taehu Kang, Jongik Lee, Sanghee Jeong, Jimin Han, Bin Lee; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(4):288-298. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00213

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study presents a cost-effective approach to fabricating near β-Ti alloys via in-situ alloying during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). A blend of non-spherical pure Ti, 3 wt.% Fe, and 0.1 wt.% SiO2 nanoparticles was used to induce β-phase stabilization and improve flowability. Twenty-five process conditions were evaluated across a volumetric energy density range of 31.75-214.30 J/mm3, achieving a maximum relative density of 99.21% at 89.29 J/mm3. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the β-Ti phase was partially retained at room temperature, accompanied by lattice contraction in the α’-Ti structure, indicating successful Fe incorporation. Elemental mapping confirmed that the Fe distribution was homogeneous, without significant segregation. Compared to pure Ti, the Ti-3Fe sample exhibited a 49.2% increase in Vickers hardness and notable improvements in yield and ultimate tensile strengths. These results demonstrate the feasibility of in-situ alloying with low-cost elemental powders to produce high-performance near β-Ti alloys using L-PBF.

Citations

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The Optimization of L-PBF Process for Economical & High Performance Using SiO2 Nanoparticle-Coated Non-Spherical Ti Powder
Taehu Kang, Ukju Gim, Sehun Kim, Jongik Lee, Sanghee Jeong, Jimin Han, Bin Lee
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(1): 22. CrossRef

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