A sintered body of TiB₂-reinforced iron matrix composite (Fe-TiB₂) is fabricated by pressureless-sintering of a mixture of titanium hydride (TiH₂) and iron boride (FeB) powders. The powder mixture is prepared in a planetary ball-mill at 700 rpm for 3 h and then pressurelessly sintered at 1300, 1350 and 1400°C for 0-2 h. The optimal sintering temperature for high densities (above 95% relative density) is between 1350 and 1400°C, where the holding time can be varied from 0.25 to 2 h. A maximum relative density of 96.0% is obtained from the (FeB+TiH₂) powder compacts sintered at 1400°C for 2 h. Sintered compacts have two main phases of Fe and TiB₂ along with traces of TiB, which seems to be formed through the reaction of TiB₂ formed at lower temperatures during the heating stage with the excess Ti that is intentionally added to complete the reaction for TiB₂ formation. Nearly fully densified sintered compacts show a homogeneous microstructure composed of fine TiB₂ particulates with submicron sizes and an Fe-matrix. A maximum hardness of 71.2 HRC is obtained from the specimen sintered at 1400°C for 0.5 h, which is nearly equivalent to the HRC of conventional WC-Co hardmetals containing 20 wt% Co.

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• Optimizing the Microstructure and Properties of Fe–Ni–Cu–Mo–C Sintered Steel by TiB2
  Zenglin Liu, Yankang Wang, Weilong Lu, Feng Liu, Wei Han, Wuqiang He
  Science of Advanced Materials.2024; 16(6): 707.     CrossRef
• Effect of Ce Addition on the As-Cast and As-Forged Microstructure of Fe-TiB2 Composites
  Lin Zhang, Jianwen Gao, Minghao Huang, Engang Wang
  JOM.2019; 71(11): 4144.     CrossRef
• Microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of pressureless sintered and spark plasma sintered Fe TiB2 nanocomposites
  Hak-Rae Cho, Ji-Soon Kim, Koo-Hyun Chung
  Tribology International.2019; 131: 83.     CrossRef

Fe-30 wt% TiC composite powders are fabricated by in situ reaction synthesis after planetary ball milling of (Fe, TiH₂, Carbon) powder mixture. Two sintering methods of a pressureless sintering and a spark-plasma sintering are tested to densify the Fe-30 wt% TiC composite powder compacts. Pressureless sintering is performed at 1100, 1200 and 1300°C for 1-3 hours in a tube furnace under flowing argon gas atmosphere. Spark-plasma sintering is carried out under the following condition: sintering temperature of 1050°C, soaking time of 10 min, sintering pressure of 50 MPa, heating rate of 50°C/min, and in a vacuum of 0.1 Pa. The curves of shrinkage and its derivative (shrinkage rate) are obtained from the data stored automatically during sintering process. The densification behaviors are investigated from the observation of fracture surface and cross-section of the sintered compacts. The pressureless-sintered powder compacts are not densified even after sintering at 1300°C for 3 h, which shows a relative denstiy of 66.9%. Spark-plasma sintering at 1050°C for 10 min exhibits nearly full densification of 99.6% relative density under the sintering pressure of 50 MPa.

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• Abrasive Wear Performance of Spherical Hierarchical Structured TiC/High-Manganese Steel Composites
  Tao He, Shengnian Zhao, Dehong Lu, Yehua Jiang, Mojin Zhou
  Materials.2024; 18(1): 130.     CrossRef
• Effect of TiC particle size on high temperature oxidation behavior of TiC reinforced stainless steel
  Yeong-Hwan Lee, Sungmin Ko, Hyeonjae Park, Donghyun Lee, Sangmin Shin, Ilguk Jo, Sang-Bok Lee, Sang-Kwan Lee, Yangdo Kim, Seungchan Cho
  Applied Surface Science.2019; 480: 951.     CrossRef
• Effect of TiC addition on surface oxidation behavior of SKD11 tool steel composites
  Seungchan Cho, Ilguk Jo, Heebong Kim, Hyuk-Tae Kwon, Sang-Kwan Lee, Sang-Bok Lee
  Applied Surface Science.2017; 415: 155.     CrossRef

Two sintering methods of a pressureless sintering and a spark-plasma sintering are tested to densify the Fe- TiC composite powders which are fabricated by high-energy ball-milling. A powder mixture of Fe and TiC is prepared in a planetary ball mill at a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 1h. Pressureless sintering is performed at 1100, 1200 and 1300°C for 1-3 hours in a tube furnace under flowing argon gas atmosphere. Spark-plasma sintering is carried out under the following condition: sintering temperature of 1050°C, soaking time of 10 min, sintering pressure of 50 MPa, heating rate of 50°C, and in a vacuum of 0.1 Pa. The curves of shrinkage and its derivative (shrinkage rate) are obtained from the data stored automatically during sintering process. The densification behaviors are investigated from the observation of fracture surface and cross-section of the sintered compacts. The pressureless-sintered powder compacts show incomplete densification with a relative denstiy of 86.1% after sintering at 1300°C for 3h. Spark-plasma sintering at 1050°C for 10 min exhibits nearly complete densification of 98.6% relative density under the sintering pressure of 50 MPa.

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• Experimental investigation on thermal behaviour of copper-added P/M iron materials at different sintering temperatures
  T. K. Kandavel, S. Dhasarathy
  Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering.2021; 19(1): 57.     CrossRef

Fe-TiC composite powders are fabricated by planetary ball mill processing. Two kinds of powder mixtures are prepared from the starting materials of (a) (Fe, TiC) powders and (b) (Fe, TiH₂, Carbon) powders. Milling speed (300, 500 and 700 rpm) and time (1, 2, and 3 h) are varied. For (Fe, TiH₂, Carbon) powders, an in situ reaction synthesis of TiC after the planetary ball mill processing is added to obtain a homogeneous distribution of ultrafine TiC particulates in Fe matrix. Powder characteristics such as particle size, size distribution, shape, and mixing homogeneity are investigated. In case of (Fe, TiC) powder many coarse TiC particulates with size of several μm are unevenly distributed in Fe-matrix. The composite powder prepared from (Fe, TiH₂, C) powder mixture showed a homogeneous dispersion of ulatrafine TiC particulates.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Abrasive Wear Performance of Spherical Hierarchical Structured TiC/High-Manganese Steel Composites
  Tao He, Shengnian Zhao, Dehong Lu, Yehua Jiang, Mojin Zhou
  Materials.2024; 18(1): 130.     CrossRef
• Effect of TiC particle size on high temperature oxidation behavior of TiC reinforced stainless steel
  Yeong-Hwan Lee, Sungmin Ko, Hyeonjae Park, Donghyun Lee, Sangmin Shin, Ilguk Jo, Sang-Bok Lee, Sang-Kwan Lee, Yangdo Kim, Seungchan Cho
  Applied Surface Science.2019; 480: 951.     CrossRef
• Effect of TiC addition on surface oxidation behavior of SKD11 tool steel composites
  Seungchan Cho, Ilguk Jo, Heebong Kim, Hyuk-Tae Kwon, Sang-Kwan Lee, Sang-Bok Lee
  Applied Surface Science.2017; 415: 155.     CrossRef
• Sintering of Fe-30 wt% TiC Composite Powders Fabricated from (Fe, TiH2, C) Powder Mixture
  Byunghoon Lee, Ji Soon Kim
  Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2015; 22(5): 356.     CrossRef
• Pressureless Sintering and Spark-Plasma Sintering of Fe-TiC Composite Powders
  B. H. Lee, S. W. Bae, S. W. Bae, H. X. Khoa, J. S. Kim
  journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.1970; 22(4): 283.     CrossRef