경북대학교 금속재료공학과
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
© The Korean Powder Metallurgy & Materials Institute
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Funding
None.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Data Availability Statement
The datasets used during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Author Information and Contribution
Ho-Sang Sohn: Professor, writing manuscript, reviewing and editing.
Acknowledgments
None.
| No. | Reaction | ΔG°=A+BT (J) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2V(s)+O2(g)=2VO(S) | -850,000+160.0T | [31] |
| 2 | 4/3V(s)+O2(g)=2/3V2O3(s) | -802,000+158.67T | [31] |
| 3 | V(s)+O2(g)=VO2(s)~1633 | -706,000+155.0T | [31] |
| 4 | 4/5V(s)+O2(g)=2/5V2O5(s,l) | -621,120+169.24T | [32] |
| -583,160+129.03T | |||
| 5 | 4VO(s)+O2(g)=2V2O3(s) | -706,000+156.01T | [31] |
| 6 | 2V2O3(s)+O2(g)=4VO2(s) | -418,000+143.99T | [31] |
| 7 | 4VO2(s)+O2(g)=2V2O5(s) | -281,600+226.2T | [31] |
| 4VO2(s)+O2(g)=2V2O5(l) | -91,800+25.15T | ||
| 8 | 4/3Al(s)+O2(g)=2/3Al2O3(s) | -1,116,200+207.31T | [33] |
| 4/3Al(l)+O2(g)=2/3Al2O3(s) | -1,126,890+218.81T | ||
| 9 | 2Ca(s)+O2(g)=2CaO(s) | -1,267,840+206.4T | [33] |
| 10 | 2Mg(s)+O2(g)=2MgO(s) | -1,202,400+215.2T | [33] |
| 2Mg(l)+O2(g)=2MgO(s) | -1,219,200+233T | ||
| 2Mg(g)+O2(g)=2MgO(s) | -1,465,400+412T | ||
| 11 | Si(s)+O2(g)=SiO2(s) | -904,180+172.37T | [33] |
| Si(l)+O2(g)=SiO2(s) | -943,040+195.31T | ||
| 12 | C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g) | -393,500-2.99T | [33] |
| 13 | 2C(s)+O2(g)=2CO(g) | -221,840-178.01T | [33] |
| 14 | 2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g) | -565,160+172.03T | [33] |
| 15 | C(s)+CO2(g)=2CO(g) | 171,660-175.02T | [33] |
| 16 | 2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g) | -493,070+109.88T | [33] |
| Mineral | Formula | V (%) | V2O5(%) | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carnotite | K2[(UO2)2/V2O8]·3H2O | 10.3 | 18.3 | Colorado |
| Corvusite | 40.8 | 72.8 | - | |
| Descloizite | Pb(Zn,Cu)[OH/VO4] | 12.7 | 22.7 | - |
| Francevillite | (Ba,Pb)[(UO2)2/V2O8]·5H2O | 9.9 | 17.7 | - |
| Magnetite | < 0.5~1.5 | < 1.2~2.7 | In titanomagnetite ores, e.g., Bushveld, Republic of South Africa | |
| Montroseite | (V,Fe)OOH | 45.4 | 81 | - |
| Mottramite | Pb(Cu,Zn)[OH/VO4] | 10.5 | 18.8 | - |
| Patronite | VS4 or V2O5 | 16.8 | Ca. 30 | In asphaltites, e.g., Mina Ragra, Peru |
| Roscoelite | KV2(OH)2/AlSi3O10 | 11.2~ 14.0 | 20~25 | In uranium vanadium ores, e.g., Colorado Plateau, Utah, United States |
| Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2·V2O8·(5-8)H2O | 11.1 | 19.8 | - |
| Vanadinite | Pb2(VO4)3Cl | 10.2 | 18.2 | In Pb, Zn, and Cu vanadate ores, e.g., Otavi Mountains, Namibia. Arizona, and New Mexico |
| No. | Reaction | ΔG°=A+BT (J) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2V(s)+O2(g)=2VO(S) | -850,000+160.0T | [31] |
| 2 | 4/3V(s)+O2(g)=2/3V2O3(s) | -802,000+158.67T | [31] |
| 3 | V(s)+O2(g)=VO2(s)~1633 | -706,000+155.0T | [31] |
| 4 | 4/5V(s)+O2(g)=2/5V2O5(s,l) | -621,120+169.24T | [32] |
| -583,160+129.03T | |||
| 5 | 4VO(s)+O2(g)=2V2O3(s) | -706,000+156.01T | [31] |
| 6 | 2V2O3(s)+O2(g)=4VO2(s) | -418,000+143.99T | [31] |
| 7 | 4VO2(s)+O2(g)=2V2O5(s) | -281,600+226.2T | [31] |
| 4VO2(s)+O2(g)=2V2O5(l) | -91,800+25.15T | ||
| 8 | 4/3Al(s)+O2(g)=2/3Al2O3(s) | -1,116,200+207.31T | [33] |
| 4/3Al(l)+O2(g)=2/3Al2O3(s) | -1,126,890+218.81T | ||
| 9 | 2Ca(s)+O2(g)=2CaO(s) | -1,267,840+206.4T | [33] |
| 10 | 2Mg(s)+O2(g)=2MgO(s) | -1,202,400+215.2T | [33] |
| 2Mg(l)+O2(g)=2MgO(s) | -1,219,200+233T | ||
| 2Mg(g)+O2(g)=2MgO(s) | -1,465,400+412T | ||
| 11 | Si(s)+O2(g)=SiO2(s) | -904,180+172.37T | [33] |
| Si(l)+O2(g)=SiO2(s) | -943,040+195.31T | ||
| 12 | C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g) | -393,500-2.99T | [33] |
| 13 | 2C(s)+O2(g)=2CO(g) | -221,840-178.01T | [33] |
| 14 | 2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g) | -565,160+172.03T | [33] |
| 15 | C(s)+CO2(g)=2CO(g) | 171,660-175.02T | [33] |
| 16 | 2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g) | -493,070+109.88T | [33] |