Journal of Powder Materials

Research Articles

[Korean]
Pressure-Dependent Resistivity of Commercial Nickel Powders with Different Morphologies and Sieve Classes for Pressure-Conductive Rubber Semiconductor Test Sockets: DongWook Lee, Moonjung Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(5):379-387. Published online October 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00255

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Pressure-conductive rubber (PCR) sockets rely on Ni powder fillers. We characterized four commercial Ni powders of two morphologies (spherical and dendritic) and two sieve classes (25–32 and 32–45 μm) using laser diffraction, N₂ adsorption, He pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy, and four-point powder resistivity at 2.6–25.7 MPa. Sieve subclassification had little effect on specific surface area, true density, or resistivity, whereas the spherical and dendritic groups differed markedly; as the two morphologies came from different suppliers, this is a combined morphology/supplier effect. Dendritic powders conducted in all three replicates at the lowest pressure (2.6 MPa), whereas spherical powders did so only from 10.3 MPa, with partial conduction at 7.7 MPa. At matched pressures, the groups differed by a factor of 16–70 (1.5 vs 86 mΩ•cm at 25.7 MPa). Despite lower packing fractions, dendritic powders had lower resistivity, consistent with contact topology, not packing density, governing conduction. With residual resistivity fixed at the bulk Ni value, the Montes compaction model described all specimens (R² = 0.986–0.996) with group-dependent exponents (n ≈ 2.1 dendritic, 3.2–3.9 spherical). These findings support using pressure-dependent powder resistivity to prescreen candidate Ni fillers before PCR socket prototyping.

[English]
Role of Oxides in the Tensile Properties of Pure Copper Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Haeum Park, Ki Jong Kim, Yeon Woo Kim, Hahun Lee, Kichul Park, Yerim Kim, Kee-Ahn Lee, Seok Su Sohn, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(5):372-378. Published online October 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00248

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Abstract PDF: Oxide particles can affect the tensile properties of pure Cu processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) through their interactions with dislocations. This study compared the microstructure and tensile behavior of samples produced from virgin and oxidized pure Cu powders under identical LPBF conditions. The two samples had comparable relative densities above 98.7% and similar grain sizes. Yield and ultimate tensile strengths were nevertheless higher in the oxidized sample, whereas uniform and total elongations were lower. Backscattered-electron imaging and image analysis indicated that oxide particles occupied a higher apparent area fraction in the examined fields of the oxidized sample; electron backscatter diffraction analysis also showed higher kernel average misorientation. Together, these observations suggest two possible roles for oxide particles: acting as dispersed obstacles to dislocation motion and promoting dislocation retention during LPBF, consistent with the higher kernel average misorientation. The strength increase may therefore reflect both particle strengthening and a greater contribution from dislocation strengthening.

[Korean]
Microstructural Characteristics and High-Temperature Compression Behavior of a Ni-Based ODS-Composition Alloy and Refractory Composite: Song-Yi Kim, Do-Hun Kwon, Eun-Ji Cha, Hwi-Jun Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(5):365-371. Published online October 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00234

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Abstract PDF: Nickel-based alloys have been widely used as high-temperature structural materials owing to their excellent oxidation resistance, phase stability, and mechanical reliability. However, their mechanical properties can rapidly deteriorate under ultrahigh-temperature conditions due to thermally activated dislocation motion, dynamic recovery, and grain-boundary-mediated deformation. Therefore, introducing thermally stable refractory constituents that retain high strength at elevated temperatures may provide an effective strategy for overcoming this limitation. In this study, Nb-Si-Ti-based refractory silicide alloy powder and Mo-based refractory alloy powder were introduced as reinforcing constituents to improve the ultrahigh-temperature deformation resistance of a Ni-based ODS-composition alloy. A Ni-MRC composite was fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The composite powder consisted of 65 wt.% Ni-based ODS-composition alloy powder, 25 wt.% Nb-Si-Ti-based refractory silicide alloy powder, and 10 wt.% Mo-based refractory alloy powder. Powder morphology, phase constitution, SPS-consolidated microstructure and ultrahigh-temperature compression behavior at 1050 °C were analyzed using SEM, XRD, EBSD, and Gleeble-based compression testing to evaluate the role of refractory reinforcements in improving the deformation resistance of the Ni-based matrix. The Ni-MRC composite exhibited a peak stress of 221 MPa at 1050 ℃, approximately 106% higher than that of the Ni-based ODS-composition alloy, indicating improved ultrahigh-temperature deformation resistance.

[English]
Thermite-Assisted Cu-Coated Al Powder as a Solid Propellant: Expanding the Use of Coarse Al Powder: Soo-ho Jung, Jinhee Bae, Ji Hun Yu, Ho sung Kim, Soo Hyung Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(5):356-364. Published online October 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00206

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Aluminum (Al) powder is a key fuel for solid propellants, but its native oxide (Al2O3) layer acts as a diffusion barrier, resulting in incomplete combustion. Although coarse Al powders offer excellent handling stability, their reactivity is considerably lower. To address this limitation, we coated Al powders with copper (Cu) by electroless plating to form a dual-layer shell with an outer Cu layer and an inner Al2O3 layer. During combustion, the Cu layer induces a thermite reaction at the powder surface, generating intense thermal stress that ruptures the dense oxide shell and promotes oxidation of the internal Al core. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed higher reactivity and significantly greater heat release in the Cu-coated Al (Cu/Al) powders. In combustion and propulsion tests, the 35 μm Cu/Al powder achieved maximum explosion pressures and pressurization rates comparable to those of pristine 5 μm Al powder, together with a higher specific impulse. This surface modification improves the combustion efficiency of coarse Al powders and offers a promising route to high-performance solid propellants. However, the reduced margin against electrostatic discharge must be considered during handling.

[Korean]
Corrosion Layer Removal from 304L Stainless Steel and Airborne Particle Generation and Filtration under Different Laser Scanning Conditions: Hyun Jong Yoo, Changkyoo Park, Jeoung Han Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(5):348-355. Published online October 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00199

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Abstract PDF: Laser surface cleaning (LSC) can remove corrosion layers without chemicals or abrasives but releases airborne particles that require control for safe industrial use. We cleaned artificially corroded 304L stainless steel with a 1200 W nanosecond Nd:YAG laser using three scanning strategies: a single pass with a 1.8 mm hatch distance (LSC 1.8), 18 offset passes at 1.8 mm (LSC 1.8/18), and a single pass at 0.1 mm (LSC 0.1). Residual corrosion products remained after LSC 1.8, whereas LSC 1.8/18 and LSC 0.1 removed the corrosion layer. Peak particle number concentrations were 4.71 × 106, 7.67 × 106, and 8.25 × 106 #/cm³, respectively, and modal diameters ranged from 112 to 121 nm. After normalization by the thickness of the removed layer, peak concentrations differed by only about 1.4% between LSC 1.8/18 and LSC 0.1, indicating that the concentration difference was mainly associated with the amount of material removed. Transmission electron microscopy showed agglomerates of nanoscale primary particles joined by necks; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected-area electron diffraction identified Fe–Cr–O particles with a spinel structure consistent with (Fe,Cr)₃O₄. H13-grade high-efficiency particulate air filtration achieved particle removal efficiencies of 99.95–99.98% across all conditions.

[English]
Phase-Equilibrium-Guided Carbonyl Processing of Highly Active Nickel Powders: Seoung Uk Bae, Kyoung-Tae Park, Joo Hyun Park, Jae Hong Shin; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(5):338-347. Published online October 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00185

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Abstract PDF: Nickel powders with large specific surface areas are cost-effective alternatives to noble-metal catalysts for hydrogen-producing reactions, including methane reforming and ammonia decomposition. However, thermodynamic control of nickel carbonyl formation and decomposition is essential for producing catalytically active powders through the Mond process. In this study, we established a thermodynamic framework for carbonyl nickel production by combining Gibbs free-energy analysis, the Clausius–Clapeyron relation, and liquid–gas phase-equilibrium calculations for the reaction Ni + 4CO ↔ Ni(CO)₄. The resulting phase-equilibrium map identified operating windows for selective nickel carbonyl formation and subsequent decomposition. High-pressure carbonylation achieved 99.7% nickel conversion at 200 °C and 50 atm, whereas thermal decomposition at 300 °C and 1 atm yielded 57.9% nickel recovery. Scanning electron microscopy revealed needle-like nickel particles, suggesting a morphology favorable for catalytic applications. Process simulations captured pressure evolution and Ni(CO)₄ phase transitions, supporting rational selection between liquid- and gas-phase operating regimes. These findings indicate that phase-equilibrium-guided carbonyl processing offers a scalable route to high-activity nickel powder catalysts for hydrogen-production technologies.

[Korean]
Effect of Milling-Time-Dependent Zirconia Contamination on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Multicomponent Nb-Si-Ti Sintered Alloys: Deokhyun Han, Seo-Yu Lee, Jin-Seo Park, Jeong-Sik Moon, Jungjoon Kim, Youngkyun Kim, Byungmin Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(4):291-298. Published online August 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00178

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Abstract PDF: Multicomponent Nb-15Si-23Ti-3Cr-2Sn-2Al-2Hf-1B-0.5Y alloy powders were synthesized by high-energy ball milling using a zirconia chamber and balls for milling times of 0.5–12 h, and the effects of milling time on powder evolution, contamination behavior, and the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed sintered specimens were systematically investigated. The dominant deformation mechanism shifted from flattening to cold welding and then to a fracture- dominated steady state with increasing milling time, and the particle size decreased sharply up to 4 h before stabilizing. Yield and composition analyses showed that zirconia contamination remained limited up to 4 h but increased sharply beyond 6 h owing to severe wear of the milling chamber and balls. Sintered specimens from powder milled for 4 h exhibited a homogeneous microstructure with finely and stably dispersed Nb5Si3 intermetallic phases and moderate hardness, whereas insufficient milling for 2 h left coarse, unreacted phases, and excessive milling for 12 h introduced substantial zirconia contamination that lowered density while raising hardness. These results indicate that a milling time in the range of 4–6 h offers a favorable balance between alloying efficiency and contamination control, with 4 h being preferred owing to its comparatively minimal zirconia contamination.

[English]
Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Nanoscale Carbon Nanotubes and Silicon Carbide: Kanhu Charan Nayak, Jiwon Lee, Kon-Bae Lee, Ke Jiang, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(4):267-280. Published online August 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00164

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Abstract PDF: Lightweight aluminum (Al) matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanoscale silicon carbide (SiC) were fabricated using high-energy attrition milling, nitridation-induced self-forming consolidation (NISFAC), and hot pressing to improve mechanical performance through CNT/SiC hybrid reinforcement. Attrition milling refined the composite powders and promoted the incorporation of CNTs and SiC particles into the Al matrix, whereas NISFAC and hot pressing enabled near-full densification and effective interparticle bonding. Among the investigated compositions, Al/5CNT/3SiC showed the best mechanical performance, with a hardness of 197 HV, compressive yield strength of 432 MPa, compressive strength of 756 MPa, and Young’s modulus of 110 GPa. These improvements are attributed to the combined effects of load transfer, thermal-mismatch-induced dislocation strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and grain-boundary strengthening. Compared with values reported in the literature, the present composites showed competitive mechanical properties despite their relatively low reinforcement content. These findings indicate that CNT/SiC hybrid reinforcement combined with NISFAC and hot pressing is an effective route for producing dense, high-strength Al matrix composites.

[English]
Fabrication and Thermal Conductivity of Boron Nitride Nano Barb/Acrylic Polymer Nanocomposites: Hyojeong Lee, Jiyeon Koo, Eunsu Park, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):230-238. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00143

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Abstract PDF: The effect of manual mortar-grinding pretreatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of Boron Nitride Nano Barb (BNNB)-filled acrylic polymer composites was investigated. Composites incorporated with 5 wt.% (≈3 vol.%) of either virgin or mechanically fractured (shattered) BNNB were fabricated via hot-pressing of a thermoplastic acrylic resin at 230°C under 96 MPa for 90 min. Vickers hardness increased from 20.4 HV for neat acrylic to 29.2 HV (+43.1%) for the shattered BNNB composite, which is attributed to the omnipresent activation of barb-mediated mechanical interlocking within the polymer matrix. Thermal conductivity improved by 18.1% and 34.7% relative to neat acrylic for the Acrylic/Virgin BNNB and Acrylic/Shattered BNNB composites, respectively. The superior thermal performance is attributed to a phonon bridging network formed through barb-mediated contact between dispersed BNNB fragments, supported by experimental values exceeding Lewis–Nielsen model predictions. These results demonstrate that simple manual grinding simultaneously enhances mechanical and thermal properties without chemical surface modification, offering a practical strategy for thermally conductive polymer composite design.

[English]
A Powder-Metallurgical Route to Ag₂(Te,S) Compounds and Their Thermoelectric Properties: Seungki Jo, Yoojeong Ji, Linh Ba Vu, Kyung Tae Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):214-220. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00122

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Abstract PDF: Silver chalcogenides have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for wearable power generation because they combine mechanical ductility with favorable thermoelectric properties. However, most reported synthesis methods rely on high-temperature melting and annealing, which offer limited microstructural control and therefore restrict opportunities for further performance improvement. In this study, Ag2S0.4Te0.6 compounds were synthesized through a powder-metallurgical route that combined mechanical alloying with rapid densification by spark plasma sintering. Ball milling produced amorphized microscale powders, which were successfully consolidated at different sintering temperatures. The sample sintered at 600 °C exhibited the highest power factor, mainly because of its optimized electrical transport properties, and achieved zT values of approximately 0.32 near room temperature and approximately 0.50 at 473 K. These results indicate that powder-metallurgical processing is a viable strategy for tailoring transport properties and improving the thermoelectric performance of silver chalcogenide materials for wearable applications.

[English]
Interfacial Characterization of Al₂O₃-Coated p-Type Bi–Sb–Te Powders by Thermal and UV-assisted Atomic Layer Deposition: Jin Kyeong Shin, Yeongtae Choi, Byung Joon Choi; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):221-229. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00108

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Abstract PDF

Interface engineering is an effective strategy for enhancing thermoelectric performance by modulating carrier and phonon transport at interfaces. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which enables uniform, conformal, and thickness-controlled coatings, is particularly well-suited for this purpose. In this study, p-type Bi0.35Sb1.6Te3 (BST) powders were coated with Al2O3 using thermal ALD and UV-assisted ALD (UV-ALD) at 85 °C. Scanning electron microscopy showed that neither process substantially altered the morphology of the BST powders. However, particle size analysis revealed that the UV-ALD sample exhibited a greater tendency toward partial agglomeration, which may be associated with the more pronounced OH-related band observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results. Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping revealed continuous Al₂O₃-based coating layers approximately 2–3 nm thick on the BST particle surfaces, forming a core–shell structure. Fast Fourier transform analysis suggested that the coating layers were amorphous, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated Al–O bond formation while the main chemical states of BST were preserved. These results demonstrate that both thermal ALD and UV-ALD can effectively deposit continuous amorphous Al₂O₃-based interfacial layers on BST powders, providing a structural basis for future studies of interface-engineered thermoelectric materials.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fabrication of Multilayer Core-Shell Structure for High Power Factor in Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Thermoelectrics
Su Min Eun, Jin Kyeong Shin, Se Been Jeong, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh, Byung Joon Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(4): 299. CrossRef

[English]
Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Performance of Fe-6.5Si Soft Magnetic Core Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Ji Sang Yoon, Yeon Woo Kim, Gyu Hyun Park, Youk Jin Kim, Sang Heon Lee, Jeong Seok Kim, Sung Ho Yu, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(3):177-183. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00094

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Abstract PDF: High-silicon electrical steels containing 6.5 wt.% Si (Fe-6.5Si) are promising materials for high-efficiency electric motors because of their high electrical resistivity and low core loss. However, the intrinsic brittleness of high-silicon steels limits their formability using conventional fabrication methods, such as cold rolling, pressure forming, and sintering, making it difficult to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) soft magnetic cores for axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors. Additive manufacturing has recently attracted attention as an effective approach for producing complex magnetic components. In particular, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) enables the fabrication of geometrically complex structures through localized melting and rapid solidification of metal powders. During LPBF, rapid thermal cycling can generate unique microstructures that influence the magnetic properties of fabricated materials. In this study, Fe-6.5Si samples were fabricated using LPBF, and their microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated. In addition, a complex-shaped 3D core was successfully fabricated by LPBF, and the performance of an AFPM motor equipped with the LPBF-fabricated core was evaluated. The results show that the LPBF-fabricated core can provide superior performance-to-weight efficiency for lightweight motor applications.

[English]
Effect of Compositional Trade-off Between Cr and Mo on the Corrosion Resistance of Additively Manufactured Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo High-Entropy Alloys: Jeongmin Lee, Yeonghwan Song, Jae Hyuk Lee, Sung-Jae Jo, Minho Shin, Hyunbin Lim, Soon-Jik Hong, Soo-Hyun Joo; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):137-144. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00087

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Abstract PDF: In this study, the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo high-entropy alloys additively manufactured via direct energy deposition was investigated according to the compositional trade-off between Cr and Mo elements. Two distinct alloy compositions were fabricated by adjusting the feeding rate of two powders with different chemical compositions through a dual nozzle. Electrochemical testing in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution revealed that the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy exhibited inferior corrosion resistance compared to the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy. Specifically, the corrosion potential of the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy shifted negatively by approximately 200 mV compared to the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy, accompanied by an increase in corrosion current density and the pronounced initiation of localized pitting. This deterioration is attributed to a lack of passivation caused by the small amount of Mo in the Cr-rich and Mo-lean alloy. The passive film of the Cr-lean and Mo-rich alloy was more robust, characterized by a higher concentration of Mo, which effectively inhibited pit propagation through repassivation. These findings demonstrate that maintaining a critical Cr-Mo balance is more vital for the electrochemical stability of additively manufactured high-entropy alloys than unilateral Cr enrichment.

[English]
Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification of 3D Interconnected Heterostructured Complex Concentrated Alloys Produced by Liquid Metal Dealloying: Microstructural Evolution and Wear Behavior: Jumi Choi, Yeji Kim, Munsu Choi, Jae Hyuk Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Auezhan Amanov, Soo-Hyun Joo, Hyoung Seop Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(2):91-103. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00045

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Abstract PDF: This study investigates the effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) on the microstructural evolution and tribological performance of a three-dimensional interconnected heterostructured compositionally complex alloy fabricated by liquid metal dealloying (LMD). The as-LMD microstructure comprises an interconnected Cu-rich phase and a CoCrFe-rich ligament phase. Electron backscatter diffraction reveals pronounced severe plastic deformation near the surface after UNSM, characterized by subgrain formation and increased intragranular misorientation. The kernel average misorientation distribution reveals a pronounced depth-dependent deformation gradient, with dislocations preferentially accumulating at the interphase boundaries. Vickers hardness increases from approximately 100–120 HV in the as-LMD condition to greater than 270 HV at the surface after UNSM, and the hardening effect remains detectable to a depth of approximately 500 μm. Compressive residual stresses are concentrated within the surface-adjacent ~50 μm. The solid ligament phase exhibits higher compressive residual stress than the Cu-rich phase, reflecting phase-dependent deformation accommodation and stress partitioning. Reciprocating wear tests show a narrower wear track, a markedly reduced wear depth, and a lower and more stable friction coefficient after UNSM. Microscopy shows oxide-layer cracking and delamination in the as-LMD condition, whereas the UNSM-treated surface exhibits minor abrasive wear of the tribo-film without delamination.

[English]
Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Al–Mg Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films: Jong-Mu Kim, Jun-Seo Park, Jun-Ha Lee, Min-Woo Kim, Jung-Woo Lee; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):44-50. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2026.00031

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Abstract PDF: Al–Mg co-doped ZnO thin films were fabricated by a sol–gel spin-coating process to investigate the effect of dopant ratio on their structural, electrical, and optical properties. The total dopant concentration was fixed at 3 mol%, while the Al-to-Mg ratio was systematically varied in AlₓMg₀.₀₃₋ₓZn₀.₉₇O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the films maintained a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred (002) orientation up to an Al concentration of 1.5 mol%, whereas higher Al contents resulted in a degradation of crystallinity due to exceeding the solid solubility limit of Al in the ZnO lattice. Hall effect measurements revealed a decrease in carrier mobility with increasing Al content, attributed to enhanced ionized impurity scattering, while the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity reached optimal values at an Al–Mg co-doping ratio of 1.5 mol%–1.5 mol%. All films exhibited high optical transmittance in the visible region, with the highest average transmittance of approximately 83% observed at the same composition. These results demonstrate that controlling the Al/Mg dopant ratio is crucial for optimizing the performance of ZnO-based transparent conducting oxide thin films.

[English]
Microstructure and Properties Comparison of Pure Cu and Cu-5 wt.% Al₂O₃ Composite Processed by Spark Plasma Sintering: Dinh Van Cong, Dong-Wan Lee, Su-Wan Lee, Nguyen Minh Thuyet, Nguyen Viet Hoang, Jin-Chun Kim; J Powder Mater. 2026;33(1):51-60. Published online February 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00472

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Abstract PDF

This study compares the microstructure and properties of pure Cu and Cu-5 wt.% Al2O3 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering under strictly identical processing conditions at 800-1000 °C. Pure Cu samples achieved near-full densification and exhibited a bimodal grain structure dominated by coarse grains with increasing sintering temperature. In contrast, the composite samples showed lower density and non-monotonic densification behavior, with a minimum relative density at 900 oC and significantly refined equiaxed grains due to strong grain-boundary pinning by nano Al2O3 particles. The higher fractions of high-angle boundaries and pronounced orientation disruption were observed in the composite samples, while high-resolution analysis confirmed the presence of grain-boundary Al2O3-rich regions that restricted Cu grain coalescence and continuity of grain boundary migration. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the absence of reaction phases in both materials. Hardness peaked at 900 °C for both samples, and the composite samples showed consistently lower hardness due to retained porosity. The apparent electrical conductivity of the composite displays a non-linear temperature dependence, reflecting the competing influences of densification, microstructural recovery, and the insulating nature of Al2O3.

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Microstructure and properties of Cu matrix composites reinforced with WMoTaNb refractory high-entropy alloy nanoparticles fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Baoguang Zhang, Yuanping Huang, Jian Wang
Vacuum.2027; 255: 115819. CrossRef

[Korean]
Preparation of Porous W-Cu by Freeze Casting of Tert-butyl Alcohol Slurry Mixed with WO₃-CuO Powder: Youngmin Kim, Ji Young Kim, Minju Son, Wonyong Kwon, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):466-471. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00437

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Abstract PDF: The influence of process conditions on the microstructure of porous W-Cu, fabricated by freeze casting using tert-butyl alcohol as the freezing agent, was investigated. The slurries containing 10 vol% of WO3-CuO powder were prepared by milling with a small amount of citric acid and polyethylene glycol as dispersants. The slurries with dispersion stability were frozen in a mold with the lower part cooled to -25°C, followed by sublimation in a vacuum to remove the freezing agent. The sintered W-1 vol% Cu in a hydrogen atmosphere exhibited aligned pores with the size of 50 μm, which were generated by sublimation of directionally solidified tert-butyl alcohol crystals. In the cross-section of the specimen, hexagonal pores corresponding to the crystal structure of tert-butyl alcohol was observed. Microstructure analysis of the struts revealed that Cu was distributed non-uniformly due to the mutual insolubility and low wettability of the W-Cu system.

[Korean]
Comparison of the Properties of Rare-Earth Zirconate Thermal Barrier Coatings for Hydrogen-Fueled Gas Turbines: Gun-Woong Lee, Min-Soo Nam, Min-Ji Kim, HyunSuk Jung, Seongwon Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):472-480. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00423

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Abstract PDF: Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for hydrogen-fueled gas turbines withstand higher combustion temperatures and increased steam concentrations compared to conventional natural-gas systems. These harsh operating conditions significantly accelerate the thermal degradation of widely used YSZ coatings, emphasizing the need for alternative top-coat materials with improved phase stability and reduced thermal conductivity. In this study, rare-earth zirconate ceramics, Gd2Zr2O7 (GdZO), Tm2Zr2O7 (TmZO), and a mixed composition (Gd0.5Tm0.5)2Zr2O7 (Gd/TmZO), are synthesized and investigated as potential next-generation TBC candidates. Each material was comparatively examined with a focus on crystal structure, thermophysical properties, and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, high-temperature steam exposure experiments were performed to simulate hydrogen combustion environments. Microstructural analyses, high-temperature degradation behavior, and phase stability evaluations were carried out to obtain fundamental experimental data. This study provides essential baseline information for the design and development of high-performance TBC materials suitable for the hydrogen-fueled gas turbine systems.

[English]
Finite Element and Discrete Element Analyses of Anisotropic Powder Compaction for Axial Flux Motor Cores: Jeong Ah Lee, Do Won Lee, , Hyojeong Ha, Ki Hyuk Kwon, Eon Byeong Park, Taeyoung Kim, Hyoung Seop Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):451-458. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00409

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This study investigates the compaction behavior of anisotropic, plate-like powders used in axial flux motor cores through a combined FEM–DEM approach. A porous continuum FEM model captures stress and density evolution during die pressing, revealing strong gradients along the compaction direction, with higher stress and densification near the upper punch and reduced compaction in the lower region. Guided by these results, DEM simulations examine particle packing, orientation, and contact pressure in representative zones. The DEM analysis shows that higher local pressure promotes denser packing and in-plane particle alignment near the upper punch, while the lower region exhibits more random orientations and lower contact forces. As a result, the multi-scale FEM–DEM framework clarifies how anisotropic particle behavior governs local densification and offers practical guidance for die design and process optimization to achieve more uniform density and controlled magnetic-property-relevant particle alignment in axial flux motor cores.

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Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Performance of Fe-6.5Si Soft Magnetic Core Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Ji Sang Yoon, Yeon Woo Kim, Gyu Hyun Park, Youk Jin Kim, Sang Heon Lee, Jeong Seok Kim, Sung Ho Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 177. CrossRef

[Korean]
Ultrafast Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide via Flashlamp Annealing: Chan Hyeon Yang, Jaehak Lee, Jung Hwan Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(6):509-516. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00339

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Abstract PDF: This study presents the synthesis of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) using flashlamp annealing and provides a comprehensive investigation of its structural and physical properties. The proposed flash-induced approach enables rapid production of high-quality MoS₂, offering superior process efficiency compared to conventional synthesis techniques. The structural, electronic, and thermal characteristics of the synthesized MoS₂ were systematically examined using multiple analytical methods, with particular attention to how synthesis conditions influence layer structure, crystallinity, and defect density. The results indicate that MoS₂ produced through this method exhibits material properties suitable for high-performance electronic devices and energy storage applications. Moreover, this work demonstrates the potential of flash-induced synthesis for scalable and practical fabrication of MoS₂-based nanomaterials, thereby contributing to the broader advancement of transition metal dichalcogenide technologies across diverse nanotechnology applications.

[English]
Preparation of Flake-shape Cobalt Powders by High-Energy Ball Milling for rSOC Current Collectors: Poong-Yeon Kim, Min-Jeong Lee, Hyeon Ju Kim, Su-Jin Yun, Si Young Chang, Jung-Yeul Yun; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(5):383-389. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00241

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Abstract PDF: Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs), which enable two-way conversion between electricity and hydrogen, have gained attention with the rise of hydrogen energy. However, foam-type current collectors in rSOC stacks exhibit poor structural controllability and limited electrode contact area. To address these limitations, this study aimed to convert spherical cobalt powders into flake-type morphology via high-energy ball milling, as a preliminary step toward fabricating flake-based current collectors. Milling parameters—specifically, the ball-to-powder ratio (BPR), milling time, and process control agent (PCA) content—were varied. At an 8:1 BPR, over 90% of the powder became flake-shaped after 8 hours, while extended milling caused cold welding. In contrast, a 10:1 BPR resulted in dominant fragmentation. The Burgio–Rojac model quantified energy input and defined the optimal range for flake formation. Increasing the PCA to 4 wt% delayed flake formation to 16 hours and induced cold welding, as shown by bimodal particle size distributions. These results support the development of Co-based current collectors for use in rSOCs.

[Korean]
Synthesis and Morphology Control of Needle Type 513 MHSH and Mg(OH)₂ from Dolomite: Jiyeon Kim, HyunSeung Shim, Seong-Ju Hwang, YooJin Kim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(5):399-405. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00227

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Abstract PDF: 513 magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MHSH) and Mg(OH)₂ were synthesized by controlling the pH and concentration using a domestic resource, dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), as the raw material. The MgSO₄ was extracted by treating dolomite with sulfuric acid under various conditions. Hexagonal plate-shaped Mg(OH)₂ and needle-like 513 MHSH were synthesized under the hydrothermal condition. The morphology of the synthesized materials was controlled by adjusting the pH (SO42-/OH- ratio) and hydrothermal reaction time. As the pH of the solution increased, the formation of plate-like structures became dominant, whereas lower pH values (higher SO42- concentration) led to needle-like forms. The results of the 513 MHSH, which was synthesized using reagents and sea bittern, are consistent with the synthesis conditions, and we observed changes in the length and aspect ratio of the needle-shaped structure in response to adjusting the hydrothermal reaction time.

[Korean]
The Recycling Process and Powderization Technology of Stellite 6 Scrap: A Thermodynamic and Heat Transfer Analysis: YongKwan Lee, Hyun-chul Kim, Myungsuk Kim, Soong Ju Oh, Kyoungtae Park, JaeJin Sim; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(4):330-343. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00136

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Co-Cr alloys are widely used in cutting tools and turbine components due to their high strength and resistance against wear and corrosion. However, scrap generated during hardfacing is often discarded due to impurities and oxidation, and research on its recycling remains limited. This study aimed to optimize the recycling process of Stellite 6 scrap to reduce waste and minimize costs while maintaining material quality. Melting, casting, and powdering processes were designed using HSC Chemistry, FactSage, and COMSOL Multiphysics, with optimization of key parameters such as the crucible material and temperature control. The recycled alloy and powder were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry, showing mechanical and chemical properties comparable to commercial Stellite 6. The Co and Cr contents were maintained, with a slight increase in Fe. These findings demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality recycled Stellite 6 materials, contributing to the sustainable utilization of metal resources in high-performance applications.

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Fabrication and Thermal Conductivity of Boron Nitride Nano Barb/Acrylic Polymer Nanocomposites
Hyojeong Lee, Jiyeon Koo, Eunsu Park, Hyunjoo Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 230. CrossRef

[English]
Enhanced Compressive Strength of Fired Iron Ore Pellets: Effects of Blending Fine and Coarse Particle Concentrates: Ngo Quoc Dung, Tran Xuan Hai, Nguyen Minh Thuyet, Nguyen Quang Tung, Arvind Barsiwal, Nguyen Hoang Viet; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(4):315-329. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00129

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study investigated the effects of oxidative firing parameters and raw material characteristics on the pelletization of Australian and Minh Son (Vietnam) iron ore concentrates. The influence of firing temperature (1050°C–1150°C) and holding time (15–120 min) on pellet compressive strength was examined, focusing on microstructural changes during consolidation. Green pellets were prepared using controlled particle size distributions and bentonite as a binder. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that grain boundary diffusion, liquid phase formation, and densification significantly improved mechanical strength. X-ray diffraction confirmed the complete oxidation of magnetite to hematite at elevated temperatures, a critical transformation for metallurgical performance. Optimal firing conditions for both single and blended ore compositions yielded compressive strengths above 250 kgf/pellet, satisfying the requirements for blast furnace applications. These results provide valuable guidance for improving pellet production, promoting the efficient utilization of diverse ore types, and enhancing the overall performance of ironmaking operations.

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Decision-based comparative optimization in the fabrication of silica-reinforced β-TCP ceramic matrix composites through RAM and MARCOS ranking models
Vinoth Kumar Selvaraj, Baskar Neelakandan, Rajesh Pinnavasal Venukrishnan
Matéria (Rio de Janeiro).2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[Korean]
Development of Aluminum Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Using Machine Learning: Sungbin An, Juyeon Han, Seoyeon Jeon, Dowon Kim, Jae Bok Seol, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):202-211. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00150

1,978 View
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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

The present study introduces a machine learning approach for designing new aluminum alloys tailored for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, achieving an optimal balance between hardness and conductivity. Utilizing a comprehensive database of powder compositions, process parameters, and material properties, predictive models—including an artificial neural network and a gradient boosting regression model, were developed. Additionally, a variational autoencoder was employed to model input data distributions and generate novel process data for aluminum-based powders. The similarity between the generated data and the experimental data was evaluated using K-nearest neighbor classification and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, with accuracy and the F1-score as metrics. The results demonstrated a close alignment, with nearly 90% accuracy, in numerical metrics and data distribution patterns. This work highlights the potential of machine learning to extend beyond multi-property prediction, enabling the generation of innovative process data for material design.

Citations

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Predictive Control of Magnesium Content in Industrial 5182 Aluminum Alloy Recycling Using SCADA-Guided Gradient Boosting
Mengya Wang, Jiahui Xu, Xiaohu Wang, Farid Wirawan, Mouhamadou Aziz Diop
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.2026; 35(27): 27811. CrossRef

[Korean]
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(3):244-253. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00087

2,404 View
59 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely utilized in aerospace and medical sectors due to its high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, its low machinability makes it difficult to manufacture complex-shaped products. Advancements in additive manufacturing have focused on producing high-performance, complex components using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, which is a specialized technique for customized geometries. The LPBF process exposes materials to extreme thermal conditions and rapid cooling rates, leading to residual stresses within the parts. These stresses are intensified by variations in the thermal history across regions of the component. These variations result in differences in microstructure and mechanical properties, causing distortion. Although support structure design has been researched to minimize residual stress, few studies have conducted quantitative analyses of stress variations due to different support designs. This study investigated changes in the residual stress and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated using LPBF, focusing on support structure design.

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Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Performance of Fe-6.5Si Soft Magnetic Core Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Ji Sang Yoon, Yeon Woo Kim, Gyu Hyun Park, Youk Jin Kim, Sang Heon Lee, Jeong Seok Kim, Sung Ho Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(3): 177. CrossRef

[Korean]
Effect of the Initial Porosity of Needle Coke-Pitch Carbonized Blocks on Impregnation-Related Physical Properties: U-Sang Youn, Sang-Hye Lee, Jae-Seung Roh; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(2):138-144. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00038

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Abstract PDF: Carbonized blocks with different porosities were prepared by varying the particle size of the filler and subsequent impregnation. The impregnated carbonized blocks were re-carbonized. The use of smaller particles in the filler in the carbonized block was associated with larger porosity, smaller pore size, and a higher impregnation ratio. The block with the smallest average particle size (53 μm), CB-53, had a porosity of 35.9% and pores of approximately 40 μm, while the block with the largest average particle size (413 μm), CB-413, had a porosity of 30.5% and pores of approximately 150 μm. CB-53 had the highest bulk density, electrical resistivity, flexural strength, and impregnation ratio. This is due to the large porosity, which is believed to be due to the presence of more interfaces between particles during the re-carbonization of the impregnated carbonized block, resulting in a better pore-filling effect.

[Korean]
3D-Printed Stretchable Electrodes Enabled by a Titanium/Acrylamide-Based Hydrogel Nanocomposite: Se Jin Choi, Han Eol Lee; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(1):67-72. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00465

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21 Download

Abstract PDF: Wearable electronics have been the focus of considerable interest in various fields, such as human-machine interfaces, soft robotics, and medical treatments, due to their flexibility, stretchability, and light weight. To address the shortcomings of existing metal thin film-based wearable devices, stretchable conductive polymers have been developed. In particular, double networking hydrogels are being actively studied as a polymer with a three-dimensional stereoscopic structure that can be patterned. Nonetheless, they have shortcomings such as poor electrical properties and cumbersome manufacturing processes, making it difficult to apply them in electronic devices. Herein, we report 3D-printed stretchable electrodes enabled by a titanium/polyacrylamide-alginate-based hydrogel nanocomposite. This research suggests the strategy for resolving the challenges of high costs and complex fabrication processes associated with stretchable electrode, providing a solution to accelerate the commercialization of wearable electronic devices.

[Korean]
Optimized Process and Mechanical and Electrical Analysis of Polyimide/Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Composites: Junki Lee, Sang-il Yoon, Hyunseung Kim, Chang Kyu Jeong; J Powder Mater. 2025;32(1):16-22. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00444

2,135 View
40 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Piezoelectric composites have attracted significant research interest as sustainable power sources for electronic devices due to their high mechanical stability and electrical output characteristics. This study investigated the optimal processing conditions for fabricating a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester based on Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) powder and a polyimide (PI) matrix composite. Various parameters, including the optimal mixing ratio of PI/PZT, ultrasonic treatment, homogenization, vacuum oven, and UV/O₃ treatment, were optimized to achieve a uniform piezoelectric composite. A PZT content of 30 wt% and 20 minutes of homogenization were identified as the most effective conditions for increasing the uniformity of the composite. The optimized composite exhibited a high piezoelectric coefficient, a typical P-E hysteresis loop, and dielectric properties, exhibiting a voltage output that adjusts in response to variations in the applied touch force. This study provides foundational data for the uniform fabrication of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters and next-generation miniaturized electronic devices.

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Flexible piezoelectric cross-bar array sensors for upper-limb kinesthetic sensing via muscle dynamics
Junki Lee, Jihun Choi, Hyunseung Kim, Min Gon Son, Dong Yeol Hyeon, Jung Hwan Park, Andris Šutka, Chang Kyu Jeong
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

[English]
Design of Conductive Inks Containing Carbon Black and Silver Nanowires for Patternable Screen-Printing on Fabrics: Seokhwan Kim, Geumseong Lee, Jinwoo Park, Dahye Shin, Ki-Il Park, Kyoung Jin Jung, Yuho Min; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):500-507. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00409

4,421 View
88 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study developed conductive inks composed of carbon black (CB) and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) for cost-effective screen-printing on fabrics. The Ag NW density within the CB matrix was precisely controlled, achieving tunable electrical conductivity with minimal Ag NW usage. The resulting inks were successfully patterned into shapes such as square grids and circles on textile surfaces, demonstrating excellent conductivity and fidelity. Adding 19.9 wt% Ag NWs reduced sheet resistance by ~92% compared to CB-only inks, highlighting the effectiveness and potential of this hybrid approach for cost-effective, high-performance textile-based electronics. The one-dimensional morphology of Ag NWs facilitated the formation of conductive percolation networks, creating efficient electron pathways within the CB matrix even at low loadings. This work advances the field of CB-based conductive inks and provides a scalable and practical method for producing functional, patterned electronic textiles.

Citations

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Carbon black-based e-textiles: A review of fabrication techniques and functional outcomes
Shakil Mahmud, Md. Saiful Hoque, Habibur Rahman Anik, KM Abdun Noor, Md. Jakir Hossain, Md Merajur Rahman, Mahmuda Akter, Nurun Nahar, Md Mezbah Uddin Raju, Suraj Sharma
Materials Today Communications.2026; 57: 116237. CrossRef
Multifunctional Screen-Printed Conductive Inks: Design Principles, Performance Challenges, and Application Horizons
Nahid Islam, Manisha Das, Bashir Ahmed Johan, Syed Shaheen Shah, Atif Saeed Alzahrani, Md. Abdul Aziz
ACS Applied Electronic Materials.2025; 7(16): 7503. CrossRef

[English]
High-Temperature Steam Oxidation Behavior of Silicide- or Aluminide- Coated Mo and Nb Refractory Metals: Woojin Lim, Je-Kyun Baek, JaeJoon Kim, Hyun Gil Kim, Ho Jin Ryu; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):546-555. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00381

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Abstract PDF: Refractory materials, such as molybdenum and niobium, are potential candidates for cladding material due to their high melting temperatures and desirable mechanical properties at higher temperatures than those of zirconium alloys. However, refractory materials have low resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures. Therefore, this study examined silicide or aluminide surface coatings as protection against rapid oxidation of refractory materials at elevated temperatures for a potential accident-tolerant fuel cladding. Silicide or aluminide layers were formed on refractory metal substrates by using the pack cementation method. The steam oxidation behavior of both coated and uncoated samples was compared by thermogravimetric analysis at 1200°C. The weight changes of the coated samples were greatly reduced than those of uncoated samples. Microstructural analyses demonstrated that the silicide and aluminide layers were oxidized to form a protective surface oxide that prevented rapid oxidation of the refractory substrate at elevated temperatures.

[Korean]
Fabrication of SiC_f/SiC Composites with a BN Interphase Prepared by the Wet Method: Kyung Ho Kim, Yoonsoo Han; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):530-536. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00339

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Abstract PDF: This study presents a cost-effective wet chemical coating process for fabricating a boron nitride (BN) interphase on silicon carbide (SiC) fibers, increasing the oxidation resistance and performance of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites. Using urea as a precursor, optimal nitriding conditions were determined by adjusting the composition, concentration, and immersion time. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed distinct BN phase formation at 1300°C and 1500°C, while a mixture of BN and B₂O₃ was observed at 1200°C. HF treatment improved coating uniformity by removing SiO₂ layers formed during the de-sizing process. Optimization of the boric acid-to-urea molar ratio resulted in a uniform, 130-nm-thick BN layer. This study demonstrates that the wet coating process offers a viable and economical alternative to chemical vapor deposition for fabricating high-performance BN interphases in SiCf/SiC composites that are suitable for high-temperature applications.

[Korean]
Fabrication and High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Light-Weight Insulation Materials and Coatings for Reusable Thermal Protection Systems: Min-Soo Nam, Jong-Il Kim, Jaesung Shin, Hyeonjun Kim, Bum-Seok Oh, Seongwon Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):521-529. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00318

3,535 View
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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Light-weight ceramic insulation materials and high-emissivity coatings were fabricated for reusable thermal protection systems (TPS). Alumina-silica fibers and boric acid were used to fabricate the insulation, which was heat treated at 1250 °C. High-emissivity coating of borosilicate glass modified with TaSi2, MoSi2, and SiB6 was applied via dip-and-spray coating methods and heat-treated at 1100°C. Testing in a high-velocity oxygen fuel environment at temperatures over 1100 °C for 120 seconds showed that the rigid structures withstood the flame robustly. The coating effectively infiltrated into the fibers, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Although some oxidation of TaSi2 occurred, thereby increasing the Ta2O5 and SiO2 phases, no significant phase changes or performance degradation were observed. These results demonstrate the potential of these materials for reusable TPS applications in extreme thermal environments.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Durability Assessment of Tile-Type Reusable Thermal Protection Materials
Minjeong Kim, Seong Man Choi
Materials.2026; 19(2): 303. CrossRef

Critical Review

[English]
Epsilon Iron Oxide (ε-Fe₂O₃) as an Electromagnetic Functional Material: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications: Ji Hyeong Jeong, Hwan Hee Kim, Jung-Goo Lee, Youn-Kyoung Baek; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(6):465-479. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00290

12,922 View
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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Iron oxide (ε-Fe₂O₃) is emerging as a promising electromagnetic material due to its unique magnetic and electronic properties. This review focuses on the intrinsic properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, particularly its high coercivity, comparable to that of rare-earth magnets, which is attributed to its significant magnetic anisotropy. These properties render it highly suitable for applications in millimeter wave absorption and high-density magnetic storage media. Furthermore, its semiconducting behavior offers potential applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The review also explores various synthesis methods for fabricating ε-Fe₂O₃ as nanoparticles or thin films, emphasizing the optimization of purity and stability. By exploring and harnessing the properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of next-generation electromagnetic materials with potential applications in 6G wireless telecommunications, spintronics, high-density data storage, and energy technologies.

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A Comprehensive Review of GPR Data Analysis for Bridge Deck Evaluation: From Conventional Methods to Emerging Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Babak Enami Alamdari, Yu Tang, Danilo Erricolo, Lesley H. Sneed
Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Chemical Pressure Induced Strain Control of Magnetic Anisotropy in the Simple Perovskite ϵ-Fe2O3
Subir Roy, Gurleen K. Uppal, Alberto Acosta, Rachel Nickel, Charles A. Roberts, Johan van Lierop
Nano Letters.2026; 26(1): 34. CrossRef
Solvothermal synthesis, microstructure and magnetic properties of α-Fe2O3/ε-Fe2O3 hybrid superparticles
Xuemin He, Dingbang Ruan, Zeyang Xu, Yuru Ding, Jingbing Hu, Yongtao Li, Liya Lü, Youwei Du, Wei Zhong
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics.2026; 28(34): 20826. CrossRef
Upcycling iron-rich granite waste into ε-Fe2O3 hard magnets via glaze crystallization in air: A Fe3O4–γ-Fe2O3–ε-Fe2O3 transformation pathway
Boxin Qiu, Fen Wang, Xin Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Changjin Liang, Huan Yang, Chao Song, Shaomin Lin
Ceramics International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Toward high-coercivity ε-Fe2O3: silica-embedded akaganeite nanorods and the effects of Ba2+
Marko Djosic, Matjaz Panjan, Slavko Kralj, Tanja Barudzija, Marin Tadic
Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2026; 1082: 191458. CrossRef
Superparamagnetism of Baked Clays Containing Polymorphs of Iron Oxides: Experimental Study and Theoretical Modeling
Petr Kharitonskii, Andrei Krasilin, Nadezhda Belskaya, Svetlana Yanson, Nikita Bobrov, Andrey Ralin, Kamil Gareev, Nikita Zolotov, Dmitry Zaytsev, Elena Sergienko
Magnetochemistry.2025; 11(12): 103. CrossRef

Research Articles

[Korean]
Effect of TiO₂ Content on High-Temperature Degradation Behavior of Nd₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃ Doped YSZ Composite Materials: Gye-Won Lee, Seonung Choi, Tae-jun Park, Jong-il Kim, In-hwan Lee, Yoon-seok Oh; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):431-436. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00269

1,437 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: Hot section components of gas turbines are exposed to a high operating temperature environment. To protect these components, thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are applied to their surfaces. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which is widely used as a TBC material, faces limitations at temperatures above 1200℃. To mitigate these issues, research has focused on adding lanthanide rare earth oxides and tetravalent oxides to prevent the phase-transformation of the monoclinic phase in zirconia. This study investigated the effects of varying TiO2 content in Nd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doped YSZ composites. Increasing TiO2 content effectively suppressed formation of the monoclinic phase and increased the thermal degradation resistance compared to YSZ in environments over 1200℃. These findings will aid in developing more thermally stable and efficient TBC materials for application in high-temperature environments.

[Korean]
Inter-laminar Strength of NITE-SiC/SiC Composites With Various Fiber Reinforcing Architecture: Jong-il Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):437-444. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00248

1,815 View
21 Download

Abstract PDF: The mechanical performance of SiC/SiC composites is significantly influenced by the architecture of fiber reinforcement. Among the various fabrication methods, the nano-powder infiltration transition/eutectic (NITE) process is a promising technique that is capable of achieving a dense and stoichiometric SiC matrix. The reinforcement architecture, such as cross-ply (CP) or woven prepreg (WP), is determined during the preform stage of the NITE process, which is crucial in determining the mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composites. In this study, the tensile test and double notch shear (DNS) test were conducted using NITE-SiC/SiC composites to investigate the effect of the fiber reinforcing architecture on the fracture mechanism of SiC/SiC composites. The tensile strength and maximum shear strength of both CP and WP specimens were nearly identical. However, other mechanical properties, particularly those of CP specimens, exhibited significant variability. A comparison of fracture surfaces and load-displacement curve analyses from the DNS tests revealed that the cross points of the longitudinal or transverse fibers act as obstacles to both deformation and crack propagation. These obstacles were found to be more densely distributed in WP specimens than in CP specimens. The variability observed in the mechanical properties of CP specimens is likely due to size effects caused by the sparser distribution of these obstacles compared to the WP specimens.

[English]
Machine Learning Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Al2024-B4C Composites: Maurya A. K., Narayana P. L., Wang X.-S., Reddy N. S.; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(5):382-389. Published online October 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00234

3,042 View
58 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Aluminum-based composites are in high demand in industrial fields due to their light weight, high electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Due to its unique advantages for composite fabrication, powder metallurgy is a crucial player in meeting this demand. However, the size and weight fraction of the reinforcement significantly influence the components' quality and performance. Understanding the correlation of these variables is crucial for building high-quality components. This study, therefore, investigated the correlations among various parameters—namely, milling time, reinforcement ratio, and size—that affect the composite’s physical and mechanical properties. An artificial neural network model was developed and showed the ability to correlate the processing parameters with the density, hardness, and tensile strength of Al2024-B4C composites. The predicted index of relative importance suggests that the milling time has the most substantial effect on fabricated components. This practical insight can be directly applied in the fabrication of high-quality Al2024-B4C composites.

Citations

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Leakage-controlled pre-sintering property prediction in A7075/B4C/MXene functionally graded aluminum matrix composites
Musa Yilmaz, Mürsel Ekrem, Hasmet Cagri Sezgen
Materials Research Express.2026; 13(21): 216502. CrossRef

[Korean]
Characterization of Compacted and Pressureless Sintered Parts for Molybdenum Oxide Powder according to Hydrogen Reduction Temperature: Jong Hoon Lee, Kun-Jae Lee; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(4):336-341. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00241

2,533 View
22 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Molybdenum, valued for its high melting point and exceptional physical and chemical properties, is studied in diverse fields such as electronics, petrochemicals, and aviation. Among molybdenum oxides, molybdenum dioxide stands out for its higher electrical conductivity than other transition metal oxides due to its structural characteristics, exhibiting metallic properties. It is applied as pellets to gas sensors, semiconductors, and secondary batteries for its properties. Thus, research on molybdenum dioxide compaction and pressureless sintering is necessary, yet research on pressureless sintering is currently insufficient. This study synthesized MoO₃ powder via solution combustion synthesis and reduced it using the 3% hydrogen/argon gas mixture to investigate the effect of reduction temperature on the powder. Additionally, the reduced powder was compacted and subjected to pressureless sintering with temperature as a variable. The density and the microstructure of brown parts were analyzed and discussed.

Citations

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High-sensitivity optical fiber hydrogen sensing with MoO3/PANI/Pd nanocomposite
Mohammed M. Alkhabet, Saad H. Girei, Ammar H. Farhan, Fatimah F. Hashim, Jaafar A. Jaafar, Husam K. Salih, Manar F. Abbood, Mohd H. Yaacob
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing.2025; 200: 110021. CrossRef

[Korean]
Fabrication of 3D Aligned h-BN based Polymer Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties for Battery Housing: Kiho Song, Hyunseung Song, Sang In Lee, Changui Ahn; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(4):329-335. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00220

2,636 View
41 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

As the demand for electric vehicles increases, the stability of batteries has become one of the most significant issues. The battery housing, which protects the battery from external stimuli such as vibration, shock, and heat, is the crucial element in resolving safety problems. Conventional metal battery housings are being converted into polymer composites due to their lightweight and improved corrosion resistance to moisture. The transition to polymer composites requires high mechanical strength, electrical insulation, and thermal stability. In this paper, we proposes a high-strength nanocomposite made by infiltrating epoxy into a 3D aligned h-BN structure. The developed 3D aligned h-BN/epoxy composite not only exhibits a high compressive strength (108 MPa) but also demonstrates excellent electrical insulation and thermal stability, with a stable electrical resistivity at 200 °C and a low thermal expansion coefficient (11.46ⅹppm/℃), respectively.

Citations

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Lightweight design and underbody safety of new energy vehicle battery systems: A comprehensive review with an emphasis on aluminum foam-based enclosures
Peng Zhang, Nianqi Chen, Zhimin Liu, Xiang Chen
eTransportation.2026; 28: 100586. CrossRef

Critical Reviews

[English]
A Review of Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Challenges and Progress: Seul Ki Choi, Jaehun Han, Gi Jeong Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Jaewon Choi, MinHo Yang; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(4):293-301. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00206

17,559 View
426 Download
12 Citations

Abstract PDF

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are receiving attention as a prospective next-generation secondary battery technology that can reduce the risk of commercial lithium-ion batteries by replacing flammable organic liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes. The practical application of ASSLBs requires developing robust solid electrolytes that possess ionic conductivity at room temperature on a par with that of organic liquids. These solid electrolytes must also be thermally and chemically stable, as well as compatible with electrode materials. Inorganic solid electrolytes, including oxide and sulfide-based compounds, are being studied as promising future candidates for ASSLBs due to their higher ionic conductivity and thermal stability than polymer electrolytes. Here, we present the challenges currently facing the development of oxide and sulfide-based solid electrolytes, as well as the research efforts underway aiming to resolve these challenges.

Citations

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Micro-groove interfaces architectured by femtosecond laser enabling coupled wetting and capillary dynamics in garnet-based solid-state lithium batteries
He Liu, Xiaofei Sun, Jiang Liu, Jinbo Lu, Dan Yu, Xuesong Mei
Applied Surface Science.2027; 755: 168687. CrossRef
Effect of Cr3+ doping on the electrochemical performance of Li0.33La0.56TiO3 solid state electrolyte
Zizheng Zhang, Binxuan Jiang, Yueming Li, Kai Li, Zhihao Zhou, Zhenhua Chen
Electrochimica Acta.2027; 581: 150340. CrossRef
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Haewon Kim, Taekgi Lee, Seongeun Hong, Kyeong-Ho Kim, Yongchul G. Chung
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Emerging Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes Membrane Technologies for Innovative Lithium Separation
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ACS Materials Letters.2026; 8(9): 2538. CrossRef
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W/Se/Sn ternary Co-doping in Na2.8+zW0.2SnzSb0.8-zS3.2Se0.8 sulfide electrolytes: Toward simultaneously enhanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability for clean-energy-driven sustainable sodium-ion batteries
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Uniform lithium deposition using Cu teepee structures for anode-free lithium metal batteries
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[English]
Trends in Materials Modeling and Computation for Metal Additive Manufacturing: Seoyeon Jeon, Hyunjoo Choi; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(3):213-219. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00150

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a process that fabricates products by manufacturing materials according to a three-dimensional model. It has recently gained attention due to its environmental advantages, including reduced energy consumption and high material utilization rates. However, controlling defects such as melting issues and residual stress, which can occur during metal additive manufacturing, poses a challenge. The trial-and-error verification of these defects is both time-consuming and costly. Consequently, efforts have been made to develop phenomenological models that understand the influence of process variables on defects, and mechanical/electrical/thermal properties of geometrically complex products. This paper introduces modeling techniques that can simulate the powder additive manufacturing process. The focus is on representative metal additive manufacturing processes such as Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), Direct Energy Deposition (DED), and Binder Jetting (BJ) method. To calculate thermal-stress history and the resulting deformations, modeling techniques based on Finite Element Method (FEM) are generally utilized. For simulating the movements and packing behavior of powders during powder classification, modeling techniques based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) are employed. Additionally, to simulate sintering and microstructural changes, techniques such as Monte Carlo (MC), Molecular Dynamics (MD), and Phase Field Modeling (PFM) are predominantly used.

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Review of “Integrated Computer-Aided Process Engineering Session in the 17th International Symposium on Novel and Nano Materials (ISNNM, 14–18 November 2022)”
Yeon-Joo Lee, Pil-Ryung Cha, Hyoung-Seop Kim, Hyun-Joo Choi
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS.2025; 66(1): 144. CrossRef
Effect of Support Structure on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Min Jae Baek, Dong Jun Lee, Jae Wung Bae, Ji-Hun Yu, Jeong Min Park
Journal of Powder Materials.2025; 32(3): 244. CrossRef

Research Articles

[English]
Investigation of the Thermal-to-Electrical Properties of Transition Metal-Sb Alloys Synthesized for Thermoelectric Applications: Jong Min Park, Seungki Jo, Sooho Jung, Jinhee Bae, Linh Ba Vu, Kwi-Il Park, Kyung Tae Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(3):236-242. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00031

3,335 View
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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

The development of thermoelectric (TE) materials to replace Bi2Te3 alloys is emerging as a hot issue with the potential for wider practical applications. In particular, layered Zintl-phase materials, which can appropriately control carrier and phonon transport behaviors, are being considered as promising candidates. However, limited data have been reported on the thermoelectric properties of metal-Sb materials that can be transformed into layered materials through the insertion of cations. In this study, we synthesized FeSb and MnSb, which are used as base materials for advanced thermoelectric materials. They were confirmed as single-phase materials by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns. Based on electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity of both materials characterized as a function of temperature, the zT values of MnSb and FeSb were calculated to be 0.00119 and 0.00026, respectively. These properties provide a fundamental data for developing layered Zintl-phase materials with alkali/alkaline earth metal insertions.

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Citations to this article as recorded by

Anomalous Nernst and Hall effects in Cr-doped MnSb thin films
Sun-Woo Min, Soki Yoshida, Takuya Tsujimoto, Masato Ie, Chang-Hyeon Jo, Masaki Mizuguchi, Jung-Hyuk Koh
Applied Physics Letters.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving thermoelectric properties of CuMnSb alloys via strategic alloying with magnetic MnSb and Cu
Jong Min Park, Seungki Jo, Soo-ho Jung, Jinhee Bae, Linh Ba Vu, Jihun Yu, Kyung Tae Kim
Materials Letters.2025; 381: 137796. CrossRef
Highly deformable and hierarchical 3D composite sponge for versatile thermoelectric energy conversion
Jong Min Park, Changyeon Baek, Min-Ku Lee, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Gyoung-Ja Lee, Kyung Tae Kim, Kwi-Il Park
Applied Surface Science.2025; 692: 162730. CrossRef

[English]
Bandgap Tuning and Quenching Effects of In(Zn)P@ZnSe@ZnS Quantum Dots: Sang Yeon Lee, Su Hyun Park, Gyungsu Byun, Chang-Yeoul Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(3):226-235. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00003

4,805 View
50 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

InP quantum dot (QDs) have attracted researchers’ interest due to their applicability in quantum dot light-emitting displays (QLED) or biomarkers for detecting cancers or viruses. The surface or interface control of InP QD core/shell has substantially increased quantum efficiency, with a quantum yield of 100% reached by introducing HF to inhibit oxide generation. In this study, we focused on the control of bandgap energy of quantum dots by changing the Zn/(In+Zn) ratio in the In(Zn)P core. Zinc incorporation can change the photoluminescent light colors of green, yellow, orange, and red. Diluting a solution of as-synthesized QDs by more than 100 times did not show any quenching effects by the Förster resonance energy transfer phenomenon between neighboring QDs.

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Enhancing luminescence of QD thin films, polymer composite films, and LED devices by nanostructures
Hongcheng Yang, Junjie Hao, Mingyu Sun, Yujie Song, Kai Wang, Yujie Song, Xiao Wei Sun, Wenda Zhang
The Innovation.2026; 7(2): 101121. CrossRef

[English]
The Effect of TiO₂ Addition on Low-temperature Sintering Behaviors in a SnO₂-CoO-CuO System: Jae-Sang Lee, Kyung-Sik Oh, Yeong-Kyeun Paek; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):146-151. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00024

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Abstract PDF: Pure SnO2 has proven very difficult to densify. This poor densification can be useful for the fabrication of SnO2 with a porous microstructure, which is used in electronic devices such as gas sensors. Most electronic devices based on SnO2 have a porous microstructure, with a porosity of > 40%. In pure SnO2, a high sintering temperature of approximately 1300C is required to obtain > 40% porosity. In an attempt to reduce the required sintering temperature, the present study investigated the low-temperature sinterability of a current system. With the addition of TiO2, the compositions of the samples were Sn1-xTixO2-CoO(0.3wt%)-CuO(2wt%) in the range of x ≤ 0.04. Compared to the samples without added TiO2, densification was shown to be improved when the samples were sintered at 950C. The dominant mass transport mechanism appears to be grain-boundary diffusion during heat treatment at 950C.

[Korean]
Inorganic Compound and Cycloserine Composite Particles for Improved Stability: Dongwon Kim, Heeseo Kim, Hongjun Yoon, Hyuk Jun Cho, Sung Giu Jin; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(2):126-131. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00002

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to improve the chemical stability of cycloserine containing organic and inorganic compounds. Composite particles were manufactured with a 1:1 weight ratio of organic/inorganic compounds and cycloserine. The influence of organic/inorganic compounds on the stability of cycloserine was investigated under accelerated stress conditions at 60°C/75% RH for 24 hours. In addition, the properties of the composite particles were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the dissolution of the drug was assessed by preparing it as a hard capsule. Among the organic and inorganic compounds investigated, calcium hydroxide most improved the stability of cycloserine under accelerated stress conditions (53.3 ± 2.2% vs 1.7 ± 0.2%). DSC results confirmed the compatibility between calcium hydroxide and the cycloserine, and SEM results confirmed that it was evenly distributed around the cycloserine. Calcium hydroxide also showed more than 90% cycloserine dissolution within 15 minutes. Therefore, the calcium hydroxide and cycloserine composite particles may be candidates for cycloserine oral pharmaceuticals with enhanced drug stability.

[Korean]
Fabrication of Bi₂Te_2.5Se_0.5 by Combining Oxide-reduction and Compressive-forming Process and Its Thermoelectric Properties: Young Soo Lim, Gil-Geun Lee; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):50-56. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.50

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25 Download
2 Citations

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Thermo-mechanical control of carrier concentration and thermoelectric transport in Bi2Te2.5Se0.5 through spark plasma sintering
Young Soo Lim, Gil-Geun Lee
Materials Science and Engineering: B.2027; 335: 119957. CrossRef
Fabrication of Multilayer Core-Shell Structure for High Power Factor in Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Thermoelectrics
Su Min Eun, Jin Kyeong Shin, Se Been Jeong, Eui Seon Lee, Sung-Tag Oh, Byung Joon Choi
Journal of Powder Materials.2026; 33(4): 299. CrossRef

[Korean]
Fabrication of Ti-Mo Core-shell Powder and Sintering Properties for Application as a Sputtering Target: Won Hee Lee, Chun Woong Park, Heeyeon Kim, Yuncheol Ha, Jongmin Byun, Young Do Kim; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):43-49. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.43

2,486 View
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[Korean]
Effect of Abnormal Grain Growth on Ionic Conductivity in LATP: Hyungik Choi, Yoonsoo Han; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):23-29. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.23

4,723 View
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5 Citations

PDF

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NASICON-type LATP solid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: Fundamentals to AI-driven materials design
Ateeq Ahmed, Eunbin Noh, Jinseo Kim, Junhwan Yu, Chanyoung Lee, Jina Lee, Jimin Oh
Energy Storage Materials.2026; 88: 105138. CrossRef
High-Conductivity Solid-State Electrolytes Through Low-Temperature Hot-Pressing of LCBA/LATP Composites
Wookyung Lee, Jaeseung Choi, Jungkeun Ahn, Hanbyul Lee, Byungwook Kim, Youngsoo Seo, Changbun Yoon
Materials.2026; 19(10): 2033. CrossRef
Liquid Ga-mediated grain boundary engineering for high ionic conductivity and stability in NASICON-type solid electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Yen-Lin Chen, Wen-Hsuan Lu, Hsiang-Jung Chen, Yen-Shou Huang, Pei-I Wei, Ying-Da Luo, Han-Yi Chen
Electrochimica Acta.2026; 574: 149587. CrossRef
Temperature-dependent microstructural evolution in a compositionally complex solid electrolyte: The role of a grain boundary transition
Shu-Ting Ko, Chaojie Du, Huiming Guo, Hasti Vahidi, Jenna L. Wardini, Tom Lee, Yi Liu, Jingjing Yang, Francisco Guzman, Timothy J. Rupert, William J. Bowman, Shen J. Dillon, Xiaoqing Pan, Jian Luo
Journal of Advanced Ceramics.2025; 14(3): 9221047. CrossRef
Effect of bimodal particle size distribution on Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolytes: Microstructures and electrochemical properties
Gi Jeong Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Seul Ki Choi, Jong Won Bae, Kun-Jae Lee, Minho Yang
Powder Technology.2025; 466: 121407. CrossRef

Review Paper

[English]
Research Trends in Electromagnetic Shielding using MXene-based Composite Materials: Siyeon Kim, Jongmin Byun; J Powder Mater. 2024;31(1):57-76. Published online February 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2024.31.1.57

13,220 View
198 Download
7 Citations

Abstract PDF

Recent advancements in electronic devices and wireless communication technologies, particularly the rise of 5G, have raised concerns about the escalating electromagnetic pollution and its potential adverse impacts on human health and electronics. As a result, the demand for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has grown significantly. Traditional materials face limitations in providing optimal solutions owing to inadequacy and low performance due to small thickness. MXene-based composite materials have emerged as promising candidates in this context owing to their exceptional electrical properties, high conductivity, and superior EMI shielding efficiency across a broad frequency range. This review examines the recent developments and advantages of MXene-based composite materials in EMI shielding applications, emphasizing their potential to address the challenges posed by electromagnetic pollution and to foster advancements in modern electronics systems and vital technologies.

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Recent Advances in EMI-Shielding Aerogels: Mechanisms, Materials, and Scalable Fabrication Methods
Sonali Thangavel, Thirumalaisamy Suryaprabha, Danhui Ren, Jun Young Cheong, Sooman Lim, Byungil Hwang
Journal of Natural Fibers.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging role of MXene-based nanofluids in energy conversion and thermal management: Future perspectives
Kumaran Kadirgama
Chemical Engineering Research and Design.2026; 230: 1149. CrossRef
Carbon/Inorganic Hybrid Multifunctional Composites: Interface Engineering, Coupled Functions and Application-Ready Design
Stefano Bellucci
Inorganics.2026; 14(6): 160. CrossRef
Designing dual phase hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) – Perovskite (La0.5Nd0.5FeO3) composites for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption and band gap modulation
Pramod D. Mhase, Varsha C. Pujari, Santosh S. Jadhav, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Sarah Alsobaie, Sunil M. Patange
Composites Communications.2025; 54: 102284. CrossRef
Microstructure tailoring of Nb-based MAX phase by low temperature synthesis with layer-structured Nb2C powder and molten salt method
Chaehyun Lim, Wonjune Choi, Jongmin Byun
Materials Characterization.2025; 225: 115106. CrossRef
Fabrication of MOF@MXene composites via surface modification of MXene under acidic conditions
Ji-Haeng Jeong, Woong-Ryeol Yu
Functional Composites and Structures.2025; 7(2): 025006. CrossRef
V2CTx MXene@ZIF-8 composite as an efficient adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution
Sarina Khojasteh Fard, Golshan Mazloom, Manoochehr Sobhani, Mohsen Tamtaji
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.2025; 13(6): 120099. CrossRef

Article

[Korean]
Preparation and Evaluation of Ketoconazole-loaded Solid-SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) using Various Solidification Carriers: Da Young Song, Kyeong Soo Kim; J Powder Mater. 2023;30(6):493-501. Published online December 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2023.30.6.493

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Abstract PDF: This study aimed to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (solid-SNEDDS) to enhance the formulation of ketoconazole (KTZ), a BCS Class II drug with poor solubility. Ketoconazole, which is insoluble above pH 3, requires solubilization for effective delivery. This SNEDDS comprises oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, which spontaneously emulsify in the gastrointestinal tract environment to form nanoemulsions with droplet sizes less than 100 nm. The optimal SNE-vehicle composition of oleic acid, TPGS, and PEG 400 at a 10:80:10 weight ratio was determined based on the smallest droplet size achieved. This composition was used to prepare liquid SNEDDS containing ketoconazole. The droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulting liquid SNEDDS were analyzed. Subsequently, solid-SNEDDS was fabricated using a spray-drying method with solidifying carriers such as silicon dioxide, crospovidone, and magnesium alumetasilicate. The physicochemical properties of the solid-SNEDDS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction, and its solubility, droplet size, and PDI were evaluated. In particular, the solid-SNEDDS containing ketoconazole and crospovidone in a 2:1 weight ratio exhibited significantly enhanced solubility, highlighting its potential for improved medication adherence and dissolution rates.

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